Search for Supernova Relic Neutrinos

寻找超新星遗迹中微子

• 批准号: 2264700
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2264700
• 关键词: Search; Supernova; Relic; Neutrinos

Core-collapse supernovae are amongst the most energetic events in the Universe. A single supernova will outshine an entire galaxy, yet the light is less than 1% of the energy that is released. The vast majority of energy released in a supernova (99%) is emitted in the form of neutrinos, a 'ghostly' particle that almost never interacts with matter. Over thirty years ago, 24 neutrinos were detected from Supernova 1987A; these have provided most of what we currently know about supernovae.Neutrinos from the next galactic supernova are currently on their way to Earth. When they arrive, we will study them to greatly advance our knowledge of how massive stars die. However, it is impossible to predict how many years (or decades) it will be before this happens.While we wait it is also possible to search for the signal from extra-galactic supernovae in an attempt to do neutrino cosmology. Core-collapose supernovae are believed to have started in the universe shortly after star formation began. Thus, there should exist a diffuse background of neutrinos throughout all of space, originating from all of the supernovae that have previously exploded. These particles are called 'supernova relic neutrinos', and we can use them to learn about the history of supernova explosions in the universe and related cosmological quantities, such as the star formation rate and cosmic chemical evolution.Previous searches for supernova relic neutrinos have been performed, but the signal has been masked by terrestrial backgrounds. The Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector will soon be upgraded with gadolinium and re-christened as SK-Gd. With the aid of gadolinium tagging, SK-Gd will be able to identify the supernova relic neutrinos and minimise the terrestrial backgrounds, making it very likely that the supernova relic neutrinos will finally be detected in the next few years.This PhD will involve travel to Japan for participation in the SK-Gd experiment, including calibration of the detector following gadolinium loading. It will also involve data reduction, simulation, and analysis, ultimately aimed at producing the first successful observation of the supernova relic neutrinos.

核心爆发的超新星是宇宙中最有活力的事件之一。单个超新星会超出整个星系，但光线不到释放能量的1％。在超新星中释放的绝大多数能量（99％）是以中微子的形式排放的，中微子是一种“幽灵”粒子，几乎永远不会与物质相互作用。三十多年前，从Supernova 1987a检测到了24个中微子。这些提供了我们目前对Supernovae的大部分信息。当它们到达时，我们将研究它们，以极大地提高我们对大型恒星如何死亡的了解。但是，不可能预测在发生这种情况之前的少年（或数十年）。虽然我们等待，也可以搜索来自半乳酸外超新星的信号，以尝试进行中微子宇宙学。据信，核糖核糖超新星在恒星形成后不久就开始在宇宙中开始。因此，在所有空间中，都应存在中微子的弥漫背景，源自以前爆炸的所有超新星。这些颗粒称为“超新星遗物中微子”，我们可以使用它们来了解宇宙中超新星爆炸的历史及相关的宇宙学数量，例如恒星形成率和宇宙化学化学进化。对Super -Supernova Relic Neutrinos进行了预防的搜索，但已通过Terrestrial systressial showseral sybless shound shunder shunderal shound shound shounderal sappversss swardseral sappversiss swordseral sappverssss。 Super-Kamiokande（SK）检测器将很快升级，并以SK-GD重新升级。借助Gadolinium标记，SK-GD将能够识别超新星遗物中微子并最大程度地减少陆地背景，因此很可能在未来几年中最终检测到Supernova Supernova Relic Neutrinos。该博士将参与日本参与SK-GD实验，包括校准级的校准服务器，包括校准服务器，包括校准级的校准。它还将涉及减少数据，模拟和分析，最终旨在产生对超新星遗物中微子的首次成功观察。