Night Vision: Intersubjective possibilities in Dark Sky areas in the UK

夜视：英国黑暗天空地区的主体间可能性

• 批准号: 2253943
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Goldsmiths University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2253943
• 关键词: Night; Vision; Intersubjective; possibilities; Dark

The global movement to protect dark skies from light pollution has grown rapidly in scale and reach in recent years, with the establishment of the Campaign for Dark Skies in 1990, leading to the accreditation of several 'Dark Sky Parks' around the UK. However, the movement's emphasis on preserving night sky visibility tends to reinforce the idea that dark landscapes themselves are landscapes of nothingness, merely 'viewing rooms' for the universal spectacle of the stars, a void in which individual bodies dissolve. When this assumption is extended to entire landscapes, it translates - literally - to black-box thinking, whereby structures and arrangements within darkened landscapes become unexaminable. This is problematic on a number of levels. It reinforces the hegemony of the 'objective' and self-effacing 'modest witness' of science, a largely white European male figure (Haraway, 1996). It perpetuates a persistent enlightenment-era association between light(ness), knowledge and goodness, which was used to justify the colonial project of 'bringing light to darkness'. And the conception of dark landscapes as 'blank space' dangerously resembles the seizure of land and violent attempted erasure of First Nations peoples under colonialism. Adding to a growing body of research that draws connections between colonialism, the enlightenment and environmental breakdown, this study will move towards a post-colonial understanding of Dark Sky Parks which also makes room for non-human viewpoints. After all, over half of all species are nocturnal. Currently, Dark Sky Park tourism that does engage with the dark ground (as well as the illuminated sky) may bear traces of prevailing colonialist and militaristic desires. Humans cannot 'see in the dark' without being dependent on night vision technologies, many of which which were developed in military contexts within which their purpose was to detect an invisible, dangerous and de-humanized 'other'. In fact, amateur night vision equipment is often marketed online as a means of hunting down UFOs or paranormal activity. How might nocturnal species, other bodies and impressions of movement, glimpsed at night in Dark Sky parks through the medium of these technologies, take on the perceived danger and otherness of the alien, paranormal or targeted enemy? And how might we develop new forms of night vision that overcome this militarization of vision, allowing viewers to observe their own participation in complex networks of humans, non-humans and devices? With Dark Sky parks at an important junction as they expand in number, this practice-based research project would be crucial in outlining forms of visual practice that recognize 'seeing' as an active exchange of viewpoints: a collaborative process involving technologies, humans and animals. It would consider certain instances of night vision to be examples of what Despret terms 'intersubjectivity': achievements at the intersection of human and non-human capabilities. According to Despret, capabilities are not innate, but can be extended and exchanged when they come into contact with one another. I will expand Despret's definition to include devices, experimenting with a range of recording technologies that interact in interesting ways with the subjectivities of humans and animals. Despret argues that uncertainty is an important prerequisite of intersubjective achievements, as it allows the goal of the interaction to be continuously renegotiated. Drawing insights from the practical challenge of recording encounters in darkness, I would explore the extent to which Dark Sky parks force human subjects out of the illusion of total clarity, and into terrain where understandings are murky, uncertain, and intersubjective.

近年来，随着1990年的黑暗天空活动的建立，全球保护黑空免受光污染的影响迅速增长，并获得了英国各地几个“黑暗天空公园”的认可。然而，该运动的重点是保存夜空的可见性，倾向于加强这样的想法：黑暗景观本身就是虚无的景观，只是“观看房间”的星星的普遍景象，这是个体身体消失的空隙。当这个假设扩展到整个景观时，它将其从字面上转化为黑盒思维，从而使黑暗的景观中的结构和布置变得不可证实。这在许多级别上都是有问题的。它加强了“客观”和自我掩饰的“科学谦虚见证”的霸权，这是一个很大的欧洲男性人物（Haraway，1996）。它使光（NESS），知识和善良之间的持续启蒙时代的关联永久存在，该关联被用来证明“将光线变成黑暗”的殖民计划是合理的。黑暗景观作为“空白空间”的概念危险地类似于夺取土地和暴力企图在殖民主义下的原住民。这项研究加剧了越来越多的研究，从而在殖民主义，启蒙运动和环境破裂之间建立了联系，这项研究将朝着对黑空中公园的后殖民时期的理解迈进，这也为非人类的观点提供了空间。毕竟，超过一半的物种是夜间活动的。当前，确实与黑暗地面（以及照明的天空）相互动的黑暗天空公园旅游可能会带有盛行的殖民主义和军事欲望的痕迹。人类在不依赖夜视技术的情况下“在黑暗中看到”，其中许多是在军事环境中开发的，在这种情况下，他们的目的是检测一个无形的，危险的和人性化的“其他”。实际上，业余夜视设备经常在网上销售，作为追捕不明飞行物或超自然现象活动的一种手段。夜间物种，其他身体和运动的印象如何通过这些技术的媒介在黑暗的天空公园中瞥见，探讨了外星人，超自然现象或有针对性敌人的危险和其他危险和其他性？我们如何开发新的夜视形式，以克服这种愿景的军事化，使观众能够观察自己参与人类，非人类和设备的复杂网络？由于黑暗的天空公园在一个重要的交界处随着数量的扩展，因此这个基于实践的研究项目将在概述视觉实践的形式中至关重要，这些视觉实践的形式将“看到”视为观点的积极交流：涉及技术，人类和动物的协作过程。它会考虑到夜视的某些实例，是否定术语“主体间性”的例子：人类和非人类能力的交集中的成就。根据Despret的说法，功能不是先天的，而是可以扩展和交换的。我将扩展Despret的定义以包括设备，并尝试以有趣的方式与人类和动物的主观性相互作用的一系列记录技术。 Despret认为，不确定性是主体间成就的重要先决条件，因为它允许连续重新谈判互动的目标。从黑暗中记录相遇的实际挑战中，我将探索黑暗的天空公园迫使人类受试者摆脱完全清晰的幻觉，并进入地形，理解是模糊，不确定和主体间的。