Mental Processes During Conversation

谈话期间的心理过程

• 批准号: 6656342
• 负责人: BOAZ KEYSAR
• 金额: $ 23.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-07-13 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6656342
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; belief; clinical research; communication behavior; human subject; language; mental process; neural information processing; social perception; social psychology

The goal of the research is to discover the mental mechanisms that allow people to communicate with language. The proposed experiments will use an eyetracking devise to investigate the way people take the other's perspective during conversation. The experiments will test a new theory: The Adaptive Language Use theory. The theory assumes that perspective information is used in conversation as function of the diagnosticity of perspective, and that language users adapt to structures in the environment that affect this diagnosticity. So if the diagnosticity of perspective changes over time, the theory predicts that conversants will adapt their use of perspective accordingly. The experiments will use a relatively novel methodology to investigate mental processes on-line during a real conversation. This would allow the application of the results to real life conversations in a variety of social settings. The proposed studies promise to have important societal and health implications. Understanding the mental mechanisms of linguistic communication and the conditions for their success and failure could be relevant to models of coordination of action such as "game theory," which is studied in a variety of the social sciences, from economics to international relations. In order to coordinate action, then, people can signal their intentions in a variety of ways, thereby making communication critical to people's ability to coordinate and cooperate. This research will allow a better understanding of the mental mechanisms that underlie such interaction and the way environmental conditions mold interpersonal perspective taking. With such knowledge, we will be better equipped to create appropriate circumstances that could facilitate successful communication and minimize systematic misunderstanding. This knowledge could be applied to promote more successful interactions in health related settings such as doctor-patient communication.

研究的目的是发现允许人们与语言交流的心理机制。拟议的实验将使用目击者设计，以调查人们在谈话期间采取对方的观点的方式。 实验将测试一种新理论：自适应语言使用理论。 该理论假定在对话中使用透视信息作为观点诊断性的函数，并且语言用户适应了影响这种诊断性的环境中的结构。 因此，如果观点的诊断性随着时间的流逝而变化，该理论预测，熟悉的人将相应地适应其对观点的使用。实验将使用一种相对新颖的方法来在真实的对话中在线调查心理过程。 这将允许将结果应用于在各种社交环境中进行现实生活对话。拟议的研究有望具有重要的社会和健康影响。 了解语言交流的心理机制及其成功和失败的条件可能与行动协调模型相关，例如“游戏理论”，从经济学到国际关系，都在各种社会科学中进行了研究。 因此，为了协调行动，人们可以以多种方式表明自己的意图，从而使沟通对人们的协调和合作能力至关重要。 这项研究将更好地了解这种互动和环境条件塑造人际观点的方式的心理机制。 有了这样的知识，我们将有能力更好地创造适当的情况，以促进成功的沟通并最大程度地减少系统的误解。 可以应用这些知识来促进与健康相关环境（例如医生沟通）中更成功的互动。