BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF OLFACTION

嗅觉的行为和生理机制

• 批准号: 6529838
• 负责人: BRIAN H. SMITH
• 金额: $ 29.24万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6529838
• 关键词: Hymenoptera; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral extinction; biological models; computational neuroscience; conditioning; ethology; learning; memory; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; neuropil; nitric oxide; olfactions; olfactory lobe; olfactory stimulus; picrotoxin; response generalization; sensory discrimination; stimulus /response

The objective of this proposal is to evaluate how animals learn about odors and odor mixtures. All animals, including humans, must learn to attend to the most relevant aspects of sensory stimuli. In regard to odors, the relevant aspect is sometimes complex configurations (mixtures) of many individual odorant molecular types. Yet at other time individual elements or submixtures provide the most relevant biological information, and these elements must be detected against complex and variable background odors. The honey bee is an excellent model animal to use to evaluate how animals in general solve these problems. Honey bee workers readily learn to associate an odor with brief reinforcement. Furthermore, they can team solve both elemental and configural learning problems in a behavioral paradigm that permits rigorous control of stimulation and physiological manipulation. This work will have general applicability to biomedical research because of the anatomical and physiological similarity of the insect peripheral olfactory processing neuropils to those of humans. These similarities may have arisen via convergent evolution, which implies an important functional analogy between invertebrate and mammalian olfactory processing. Thus use of an animal such as the honey bee stands to highlight important functional hypotheses that can be generally tested in mammals. The work outlined in the proposal will evaluate theoretical predictions that stem from models of elemental learning in stimulus mixtures. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of the Antennal Lobe, which is the functional analog to the mammalian Olfactory Bulb, will be used to test predictions about how odors are represented in that neuropil.

该提议的目的是评估动物的学习方式 气味和气味混合物。 包括人类在内的所有动物都必须学会 注意感官刺激的最相关方面。 关于 气味，相关方面有时是复杂的配置 （混合物）许多单独的气味分子类型。 但在其他方面 时间个体元​​素或下子元素提供最相关的 生物学信息，必须检测到这些元素 复杂而可变的背景气味。 蜂蜜蜜蜂很棒 模型用于评估动物通常如何解决这些动物 问题。亲爱的蜜蜂工人很容易学会将气味与 简短的加固。 此外，他们可以团队解决这两个元素 和在允许行为范式中配置学习问题 严格控制刺激和生理操纵。 这 由于 昆虫周围的解剖学和生理相似性 嗅觉加工神经膜的人类。 这些相似之处 可能通过收敛进化而产生，这意味着一个重要的 无脊椎动物和哺乳动物嗅觉之间的功能类比 加工。因此，使用蜜蜂等动物的使用 突出显示一般可以测试的重要功能假设 在哺乳动物中。 提案中概述的工作将评估理论 源于刺激中元素学习模型的预测 混合物。 另外，触角的药理操作 Lobe，这是对哺乳动物嗅球的功能类似物， 将用于测试有关气味如何表示的预测 Neuropil。