VESTORS OF VULNERABILITY IN TEEN AND YOUNG ADULT SMOKING

青少年吸烟的脆弱性的来源

• 批准号: 6495100
• 负责人: Larry David Jamner
• 金额: $ 17.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6495100
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); angers; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; clinical research; conflict; depression; drug addiction; estrogens; gender difference; gene expression; human genetic material tag; human subject; impulsive behavior; longitudinal human study; menstrual cycle; motivation; neurobiology; nicotine; peer group; psychobiology; smoking; social behavior; social psychology; socioenvironment; young adult human (21-34)

The major objective of this project is to delineate psychosocial, behavioral, contextual, and biological vectors of vulnerability to smoking initiation and maintenance in adolescents and young adults. Psychological dispositions such as impulsivity, hostility, and negative affectivity are associated with elevated rates of tobacco use, but little is known about how these traits influence smoking initiation during the adolescent and young adult periods or how they interact with family and peer contexts, situational influences, nicotine reactivity, and genetic makeup to enhance or impede the progression toward regular smoking. A related aim is to identify developmental trajectories for stages of smoking at the two highest risk ages for tobacco use onset: early adolescence and young adulthood. In Study l, 120 14-year old adolescents and 120 college freshmen (40 at each age in each of 3 smoking stages: never, experimental, regular) will be signaled twice each hour to complete diaries that include information about their location, activities, social context, mood, stress levels, consummatory behaviors, and urges to eat and smoke. Self-reports of cigarette use will be validated by analyses of salivary cotinine. This 4-day ambulatory recording sequence will be repeated twice each year for 4 consecutive years to provide information about developmental trajectories. We will also assess the role of gender and specific trait and behavioral characteristics in these relationships. Study 2 will examine the influence of estrogen levels on these relationships by comparing cue-reactivity and nicotine effects during the luteal vs. the follicular menstrual phases. Secondary goals include (a) examination of the moderating role of situation-behavior phenotypes on associations between specific candidate genes and tobacco use, and (b) comparisons of smoking phenotypes across the adolescent, young adult, and middle adult years. Consistent with the transdisciplinary approach, this project focuses simultaneously on several disciplinary levels of analysis (environmental, psychosocial, behavioral, neurobiological) using a shared conceptual framework. interactive links among the projects in this Center include the use of the behavior-context profiles or phenotypes identified in this project to help guide brain imaging studies- and elucidate the brain activation patterns that emerge from Project 2, and to inform the targeted antismoking strategies to be developed in Project 4.

该项目的主要目标是描绘青少年和年轻人开始吸烟和维持吸烟的脆弱性的社会心理、行为、情境和生物媒介。冲动、敌意和消极情感等心理倾向与吸烟率升高有关，但人们对这些特征如何影响青少年和青年时期开始吸烟，或者它们如何与家庭和同伴环境、情境影响互动，知之甚少。 、尼古丁反应性和基因组成，以增强或阻碍经常吸烟的进展。一个相关的目标是确定两个开始吸烟的最高风险年龄（青春期早期和成年早期）吸烟阶段的发展轨迹。在研究 l 中，120 名 14 岁青少年和 120 名大学新生（每个年龄 40 名，处于 3 个吸烟阶段：从不吸烟、实验性吸烟、定期吸烟）将每小时收到两次信号，要求他们完成日记，其中包括有关他们的位置、活动、吸烟情况等信息。社会背景、情绪、压力水平、完美行为以及进食和吸烟的冲动。自我报告的吸烟情况将通过唾液可替宁分析进行验证。这种为期 4 天的动态记录序列将连续 4 年每年重复两次，以提供有关发育轨迹的信息。 我们还将评估性别以及特定特征和行为特征在这些关系中的作用。研究 2 将通过比较黄体月经期和卵泡月经期的提示反应性和尼古丁效应来研究雌激素水平对这些关系的影响。次要目标包括（a）检查情境行为表型对特定候选基因与烟草使用之间关联的调节作用，以及（b）比较青少年、青年和中年的吸烟表型。与跨学科方法一致，该项目使用共享概念框架同时关注多个学科层面的分析（环境、心理社会、行为、神经生物学）。该中心项目之间的互动联系包括使用该项目中确定的行为背景概况或表型来帮助指导大脑成像研究，并阐明项目 2 中出现的大脑激活模式，并为有针对性的戒烟策略提供信息在项目4中开发。