MEASUREMENT OF MAJOR STRESSFUL EVENTS OVER LIFE COURSES

生命历程中主要压力事件的测量

• 批准号: 6499286
• 负责人: BRUCE P DOHRENWEND
• 金额: $ 41.24万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-05 至 2006-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6499286
• 关键词: antisocial personality; bereavement; clinical research; crime victims; disease /disorder proneness /risk; gender difference; human data; major depression; mental disorders; mental health; method development; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychometrics; racial /ethnic difference; schizophrenia; socioeconomics; stress; substance abuse related disorder

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Powerful research designs for studying the roles of heredity and environment in the etiology of psychiatric disorders have outstripped our ability to measure the relevant variables. Major stressful life events as important environmental variables are a case in point. There are problems of conceptualization and measurement with even the best of the self-report checklist approaches and with the more labor- intensive interview and rating approaches. The proposed research will address these problems, taking a major step toward the long-term goal of obtaining reliable and valid measures of the important objective general and specific characteristics of major, stressful life events over the life course. The general characteristics and dimensions to be investigated include valence, fatefulness, predictability, centrality, magnitude, and potential to exhaust the individual physically. Examples of specific facets of particular events are atrocities in military combat, loss of younger versus older spouses in bereavement, and victimization by acquaintances versus strangers in rape. The specific aims are: (1) To review the Literature on case studies of important types major individual events in order to locate and define their specific dimensions in the context of their general objective dimensions; (2) to investigate how types of events, specific dimensions of events, and measures of some of their general dimensions vary with developmental stage, gender, ethnic/racial background, and socioeconomic background (SES); (3) to apply the event-specific ratings developed in I and 2 and the ratings of general dimensions to narratives of major events extracted from five completed case/control studies of the onset or adverse course of schizophrenia, major depression, antisocial personality, substance use disorders including alcoholism, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (4) to investigate the extent to which the inclusion of measures of these group-specific and event-specific dimensions require expanded questioning and probing procedures to obtain the relevant narrative information; (5) to test the extent to which the ratings of event-specific dimensions increase the explanatory power of major negative events as risk factors in the five case/control studies; (6) to develop procedures for making these labor-intensive measures more economical by screening for major events to be intensively probed and rated; (7) to develop a manual for mapping major events over the life course; and (8) to develop plans for future research.

描述（申请人的摘要）：研究的强大研究设计 遗传和环境在精神疾病的病因中的作用 超越了我们测量相关变量的能力。重大压力的生活 事件是重要的环境变量。有 概念化和测量问题甚至最好 自我报告清单的方法以及劳动力较高的采访 和评级方法。拟议的研究将解决这些问题， 朝着获得可靠和有效的长期目标迈出了重大一步 重要的客观一般和特定特征的度量 生命过程中的重大，压力大的生活事件。一般特征 和要研究的维度包括价，命运，可预测性， 中心性，大小和潜力，使人体外耗尽个人。 特定事件的特定方面的例子是军事的暴行 战斗，丧亲中年轻人与年长的配偶的失落以及受害 通过强奸中的熟人与陌生人。具体目的是：（1）审查 关于重要类型的案例研究的文献 为了在其上下文中找到和定义其特定维度 一般客观维度； （2）调查事件类型，特定的类型 事件的维度，其某些一般维度的度量有所不同 具有发展阶段，性别，种族/种族背景和社会经济 背景（SES）; （3）应用I和2中开发的特定事件评级 以及一般维度对提取的重大事件叙述的评分 从五个完成的病例/对照研究开始 精神分裂症，重度抑郁，反社会人格，药物使用 包括酒精中毒和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在内的疾病； （4） 调查包含这些措施的程度 特定于小组和特定事件的维度需要扩展的质疑，并且 探测程序以获取相关的叙述信息； （5）测试 事件特异性维度的评级在多大程度上增加 重大负面事件作为五个风险因素的解释能力 病例/对照研究； （6）制定制造这些程序 劳动密集型措施通过筛选重大事件的措施更经济 深入探测和评估； （7）制定映射重大活动的手册 在生活过程中； （8）制定未来研究的计划。