Historic Traffic Exposure Maps for Cancer Studies

用于癌症研究的历史交通暴露地图

• 批准号: 6448266
• 负责人: Paul B English
• 金额: $ 14.98万
• 依托单位: IMPACT ASSESSMENT, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2004-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6448266
• 关键词: air pollution; environmental exposure; environmental toxicology; geographic site; human data; information systems; lung neoplasms; mathematical model; model design /development; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; nitrogen oxides

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to traffic exhaust is common in urban areas and its components have been found to be associated with lung cancer and leukemia in epidemiological studies. Determining whether or not these associations are causal in nature has been especially limited by the lack of historical individual-level exposure data. Recently, there have been calls for the development of exposure maps showing modeled concentrations of ambient air pollution using geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate long-term health effects. A study subject's residence can be a good predictor of exposure if suitably modeled levels of air pollution are achieved at a proper spatial scale. Typically, modeling of air pollution has been done either at a regional (air basin) or localized level. The regional approach results in coarse exposure maps, which lack the spatial resolution needed for epidemiological studies and can result in exposure misclassification. The localized models achieve a proper spatial scale but require complex data inputs and are too data intensive for mapping exposure over wide areas. We have previously developed GIS traffic exposure maps at an appropriate scale for epidemiological studies that account for properties of wind and dispersal behavior of specific pollutants. In this study, we propose to further develop this model by accounting for the surface texture of the landscape using GIS land use layers. We also propose to evaluate and validate this and two other in-house developed models and four external traffic exhaust exposure models in one California county with NO2 field measurements using passive diffusion tubes. We will compare the predicted exposure level from each model to actual NO2 concentrations at each monitored location. We will assess the amount of bias due to exposure misclassification for each model by geocoding the addresses of lung cancer cases from the California Cancer Registry and a random control series and comparing the predicted and observed NO2 measurements. Finally, we will develop a series of historic traffic exhaust exposure maps using the best evaluated traffic model using retrospective data on traffic counts, land use, meteorology, point sources, and ambient air monitoring data. These resulting exposure maps could be applied to existing cohorts of study subjects to assign previous exposures which would dramatically reduce the time and cost of expensive prospective studies of traffic exhaust exposure and cancer risk.

描述（由申请人提供）： 在城市地区暴露于交通排气是常见的，其组成部分具有 被发现与流行病学中的肺癌和白血病有关 研究。确定这些关联本质上是否是因果关系 由于缺乏历史个人水平，特别受到限制 曝光数据。最近，有人呼吁开发曝光 地图显示了使用地理的建模的环境空气污染的浓度 信息系统（GIS）研究长期健康影响。一项研究 如果适当建模，受试者的住所可以是敞口的良好预测指标 空气污染水平是在适当的空间尺度上达到的。通常， 空气污染的建模是在区域（空间）或 本地水平。区域方法导致暴露地图，这是 缺乏流行病学研究所需的空间分辨率，可能导致 暴露误差。本地化模型获得了适当的空间 扩展，但需要复杂的数据输入，并且数据密集程度过多，无法映射 在广泛地区的暴露。我们以前已经开发了GIS的交通曝光 适当规模的地图，用于流行病学研究 特定污染物的风和分散行为的特性。在这个 研究，我们建议通过考虑表面来进一步开发此模型 使用GIS土地使用层的景观质地。我们还建议 评估和验证此和另外两个内部开发的模型和四个 一个No2 使用被动扩散管的现场测量。我们将比较 预测每个模型的暴露水平到每个模型的实际NO2浓度 受监控的位置。我们将评估由于曝光而导致的偏见数量 通过地理编码肺癌的地址来分类每个模型 加利福尼亚癌症注册表和随机控制系列的病例以及 比较预测和观察到的NO2测量值。最后，我们会的 使用最佳 使用有关交通计数，土地使用， 气象，点源和环境空气监测数据。这些结果 曝光地图可以应用于现有的研究主题，以分配 以前的暴露会大大减少 昂贵的前瞻性研究流量排气暴露和癌症风险。