Low Frequency Sound Wave (LFSW) driven reactors for new generation biofuels production and upgrading

用于新一代生物燃料生产和升级的低频声波 (LFSW) 驱动反应器

• 批准号: 1812582
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1812582
• 关键词: Low; Frequency; Sound; Wave; LFSW

The research concerning the chemical reaction engineering plays a key role in the exploitation of new kinds of reactors able to work in increasingly more efficient & sustainable ways. In the past decades, considerable efforts from researchers have been addressed to the study of externally influenced processes,ie all the reactions whose extent could be enhanced by any kind of externally applied force field such as photocatalysis, microwave-assisted processes & sonochemistry. In the latter case high frequency sound waves (ultrasounds) have been used to generate desirable effects, which are locally concentrated high temperature, pressures & the subsequent formation of extremely reactive species (mainly radicals). This is possible because when ultrasounds propagate in a liquid medium the sudden pressure change due to the acoustic pressure oscillation creates gas/vapour bubbles that under certain conditions can grow in size & finally implode. This phenomenon is well known with the name of cavitation & has been deeply studied from both theoretical & experimental points of view.While chemical effects of ultrasound have been widely exploited there is little focus on the use of low frequency sound waves to increase chemical efficiencies. Whist some theoretical studies predict that high wavelengths generate amplitude oscillations too slow for the bubble to behave adiabatically & hence lead to cavitation there is a lack of experimental evidence demonstrating whether low frequency sound waves have any influence on chemical reactions. In fact, no such experiment has been reported in literature, either related to simple propagation of low frequency sound waves in a liquid batch system or developing devices to exploit sound properties such as constructive interference (i.e. generating standing waves). The presence of impurities can enhance the cavity inception but the effects of pressure oscillation in presence of a gas bubble flow have been poorly investigated. It can be preliminarily concluded that low frequency sound waves can be successfully used to positively influence chemical reactions. This perspective is even more attractive given the development of new devices known as thermos-acoustic engines to produce low frequency sound waves. This new technology allows production of high intensity infrasound by exerting a thermal cycle on a gas in presence of a stack whose extremities are in contact with a hot & a cold heat exchanger respectively. It could be used to generate the force field that is responsible of the enhancement of the reaction activity, thus avoiding expensive devices that are normally used for the production of ultrasounds & drastically cutting the process costs. Finally, the effectiveness of this novel system could be evaluated in biofuel process, where the promotion of bond breakage & molecular weight decrease by cavitation could be useful in improving their quality. The production of new generation biofuels is a target in the chemical engineering research &, currently, the scientific world is facing some significant limitation such as the high oxygen content that makes them not suitable to be blended with crude oil derived fuels in existing engines. Deliverables -- Thermally generated low frequency sound waves-assisted chemical reactor- Biofuel production & refining micro-scale pilot plantOutcomes -- Opening of a new field of sonochemistry (low frequency driven)- Development of processes for production of biofuels & improvement of their quality

关于化学反应工程的研究在开发能够以越来越有效和可持续的方式工作的新型反应器中起关键作用。在过去的几十年中，研究人员的大量努力已被解决了对外部影响过程的研究，即通过任何形式的外部应用力场（例如光催化，微波炉辅助过程＆单个化学）来增强其范围的所有反应。在后一种情况下，高频声波（超声波）已被用来产生理想的效果，这些效应是局部浓缩的高温，压力和随后反应性物种（主要是自由基）的后续形成。这是可能的，因为当超声波在液体介质中传播时，由于声压力振荡引起的突然压力会导致气体/蒸气气泡在某些条件下可能会在尺寸上生长并最终爆炸。从理论和实验的观点对空化的名称众所周知，这种现象是众所周知的，并且从理论和实验的角度进行了深入的研究。当超声的化学效应已被广泛利用时，很少关注使用低频声波来提高化学效率。 Whist一些理论研究预测，高波长会产生振幅振荡太慢，使气泡无法绝热，因此导致空气气囊，缺乏实验证据，证明低频声波是否对化学反应有任何影响。实际上，在文献中没有报道过这种实验，这要么与液体批次系统中低频声波的简单传播有关，要么开发设备以利用声音特性，例如建设性干扰（即产生站立波）。杂质的存在可以增强空腔的启动，但是在存在气泡流量的情况下，压力振荡的影响很少。可以初步地得出结论，低频声波可以成功地用来积极影响化学反应。鉴于新设备的开发（称为热声声音发动机）产生低频声波，这种观点更具吸引力。这项新技术可以通过在堆栈的存在下在气体上施加热周期来产生高强度，该堆栈的四肢分别与热和冷热热交换器接触。它可用于生成负责增强反应活动的力场，从而避免通常用于生产超声波并大幅度降低过程成本的昂贵设备。最后，可以在生物燃料过程中评估这种新型系统的有效性，在生物燃料过程中，通过空化来促进键断裂和分子量降低可能有助于提高其质量。新一代生物燃料的生产是化学工程研究中的一个目标，目前，科学世界正面临着一些重要的限制，例如高氧含量，使它们不适合与现有发动机中的原油衍生燃料混合。可交付成果 - 热产生的低频声波辅助化学反应媒介物 - 生物燃料生产和精炼微型飞行员PlantOutcomes-开放新的声化领域（低频驱动） - 生产生物纤维的工艺的开发及其质量的改善