Explaining the Extraversion /Positive Affect Relation

解释外向/积极影响关系

• 批准号: 6570270
• 负责人: Richard E Lucas
• 金额: $ 7.45万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-05 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6570270
• 关键词: behavior; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; emotions; experience; human subject; longitudinal human study; mathematical model; mental health epidemiology; personality; pleasure; psychological tests; psychometrics; quality of life; questionnaires; social behavior; stimulus /response; university student; videotape /videodisc

Subjective well-being (SWB) researchers examine the causes and correlates of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Research shows that these well-being variables are stable over time and often change only slightly following major life events and changes in life circumstances. In addition, SWB constructs often correlate more strongly with stable personality traits such as extraversion and neuroticism than they do with other intuitively predictors such as health, income level, or marital status. Thus, to understand the causes of well-being and to develop theories that will ultimately be able to promote higher levels of well-being, researchers must look with persons to the personality processes that underlie these individual differences. In the proposed research, the PI will conduct a 9-month long longitudinal study using a variety of research methods (including intensive sampling of emotions and behaviors over time, experimental mood induction procedures, and informant reports of emotion and personality) to investigate one of the strongest and most consistent findings in the study of personality and emotion the moderate to strong correlation between extraversion and positive effect. Three theories have been proposed to account for this relation. According to these theories, extraverts are happier than introverts because: (a) Extraverts spend more time in social situations than do introverts and social situations increase positive effect; (b) Extraverts create more positive life circumstances than do introverts; or (c) Extraverts react more strongly to pleasant stimuli than do introverts. The primary aim of the proposed research is to test these hypotheses simultaneously to determine whether they can fully account for the differences in extraverts' and introverts' positive affect. A second aim is to determine the causal direction of the extraversion/positive affect relation. A final aim is to investigate the psychometric properties (including long-term reliability and predictive validity) of experience sampling measures of personality and emotion. The findings will not only increase understanding of the extraversion/positive affect relation; they will also have important implications for more general theories about the nature of extraversion, the causes of subjective well-being, and the function of positive affect. The results will also have implications for researchers' use of experience sampling measure of personality and emotion.

主观幸福感（SWB）研究人员研究了生活满意度，积极影响和负面影响的原因和相关性。研究表明，这些福祉变量会随着时间的流逝而稳定，并且经常在重大生活事件和生活环境变化之后仅略有变化。此外，SWB结构通常与稳定的人格特质（例如外向性和神经质的稳定人格特征）相比，与其他直觉预测因素（例如健康，收入水平或婚姻状况）更强烈。因此，要了解幸福感的原因并开发最终能够促进更高水平的幸福感的理论，研究人员必须与人一起看着这些个体差异的人格过程。在拟议的研究中，PI将使用各种研究方法进行9个月的长时间纵向研究（包括对情绪和行为的密集取样，实验性情绪吸引程序以及情绪和个性的举报人的报告），以调查在人格研究中最有力，最一致的发现之一，并在中度到强度的效果之间进行效果，并效应中等效果。已经提出了三种理论来解释这一关系。根据这些理论，外向型比内向的人更快乐，因为：（a）外向者在社交场合花费的时间比内向和社交状况更大的积极效果； （b）外向型与性格内向的生活环境更积极；或（c）外向型对宜人刺激的反应比内向的刺激反应更强烈。拟议研究的主要目的是同时检验这些假设，以确定它们是否可以完全解释外向性和内向的积极影响的差异。第二个目的是确定外向性/积极影响关系的因果方向。最终的目的是研究经验采样度量的人格和情感的心理测量特性（包括长期可靠性和预测有效性）。这些发现不仅会增加对外向性/积极影响关系的理解；他们还将对关于外向性的性质，主观幸福感和积极影响的功能的更一般理论具有重要意义。结果还将对研究人员使用经验抽样量度的人格和情感有影响。