A Longitudinal Study of Influenza Vaccine Decisions

流感疫苗决策的纵向研究

• 批准号: 6331313
• 负责人: GRETCHEN B CHAPMAN
• 金额: $ 24.44万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-03-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6331313
• 关键词: active immunization; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; disease /disorder prevention /control; health behavior; health care service utilization; health services research tag; human subject; influenza vaccines; longitudinal human study; outcomes research; perception; preference

Understanding how people make decisions about preventive health behavior is crucial to the design of effective interventions to promote such behavior. This proposal explores decision making about influenza vaccination, an important preventive health behavior because it both saves money and prevents the considerable morbidity and mortality caused by the flu. Unlike most previous studies of flu shot acceptance, the current study will use a longitudinal design over three flu seasons, allow us to address research questions previously not considered. It will also assess vaccination decisions among two previously understudied groups: healthcare workers and healthy adults in a workplace setting. These two groups are important because the flu shot has considerable health-related and economic benefits for them, and they afford a sensitive examination of decision making factors that drive vaccine acceptance, since they have easy access to free vaccination against influenza and are aware of its availability. Using a utility theory framework, the proposed study will address three Specific Aims. (1) First, we extend previous research showing that prior vaccine acceptance is one of the best predictors of present vaccine acceptance by using a longitudinal design to test two possible explanations for this association. One is that people make an explicit decision each year as to whether to obtain the vaccine, but, because costs and benefits of the vaccine remain constant from year to year, decisions are consistent across time. An alternative explanation is that vaccination is driven by habit, not explicit decisions. (2) Our second aim concerns reasons for the strong predictive relationship, found in previous studies, between perceived effectiveness of the influenza vaccine and vaccine acceptance. We will extend previous research by examining the origins of such effectiveness beliefs. (3) Third, because the benefits of vaccination are both belayed and uncertain, we will examine the psychological role of time and risk in decisions about vaccine acceptance. We will test whether vaccine acceptance is related to individual time preferences (the extent to which future health outcomes are valued relative to certain ones). In addition, vaccination decisions may be influenced by perceptions of the risk of influenza, and intentions to vaccinate sometimes may not be activated on because of inaccurate forecasting of future preferences. The results of this study will extend the understanding of predictors of influenza vaccine acceptance and will prove valuable in the development of intervention strategies to boost vaccine acceptance rates.

了解人们如何做出有关预防健康行为的决定对于设计有效的干预措施以促进这种行为至关重要。该建议探讨了有关流感疫苗接种的决策，这是一种重要的预防性健康行为，因为它可以节省金钱并防止流感引起的大量发病率和死亡率。与以前对流感射击接受的大多数研究不同，当前的研究将在三个流感季节使用纵向设计，使我们能够解决以前不考虑的研究问题。它还将评估两个先前研究的群体之间的疫苗接种决策：在工作场所中的医护人员和健康的成年人。这两个小组很重要，因为流感疫苗对他们具有相当大的健康相关和经济利益，并且对推动疫苗接收的决策因素进行了敏感检查，因为它们可以轻松接触到流感的自由疫苗接种并意识到其可用性。使用实用程序理论框架，拟议的研究将解决三个特定目标。 （1）首先，我们扩展了先前的研究表明，先前的疫苗接受度是当前疫苗接受度的最佳预测指标之一，通过使用纵向设计来测试该关联的两个可能的解释。一个人是，人们每年就是否获得疫苗做出明确的决定，但是，由于疫苗的成本和收益逐年保持不变，因此在整个时间内的决定是一致的。另一种解释是，疫苗接种是由习惯而不是明确的决定驱动的。 （2）我们的第二个目标涉及在先前研究中发现的牢固预测关系的原因，在流感疫苗的感知有效性和疫苗接受之间。我们将通过研究这种有效性信念的起源来扩展以前的研究。 （3）第三，因为疫苗接种的益处既受到伤害又不确定，因此我们将研究时间和风险在疫苗接受性的决策中的心理作用。我们将测试接受疫苗是否与个人时间偏好有关（相对于某些人的未来健康结果的评价程度）。此外，疫苗接种决策可能会受到对流感风险的看法的影响，并且由于对未来偏好的预测不准确，有时可能不会激活疫苗接种的意图。这项研究的结果将扩展对流感疫苗接受度预测因素的理解，并将证明在开发干预策略以提高疫苗接收率的情况下是有价值的。