RACIAL INTEGRATION OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES

美国医学的种族融合

• 批准号: 6165090
• 负责人: P P REYNOLDS
• 金额: $ 5.52万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6165090
• 关键词: African American; United States; behavioral /social science research tag; books; health related legal; health services research tag; history of life science; hospital organization /administration; human data; interview; minority health professional; social integration

There are no comprehensive analyses of the racial integration of health care in the United States in the fields of history, political science, health policy, and health administration. Explicit discrimination against minorities, however, still existed in the 1960s in hospital patient admissions and physician and nurse staff appointments. With passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, and the Medicare legislation in 1965, civil rights advocates within the federal government had both a legislative mandate to guarantee equal access to programs funded by the federal government in Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and a federal program that affected every hospital in the country in Medicare. This study will determine the extent to which the Medicare program was the major determinant in the racial integration of hospitals, and thereby assess the impact of economic incentives used by the federal government and civil rights advocates to achieve and then to secure the racial integration of hospital care set in the broader context of the civil rights movement and national priorities to expand health coverage to older Americans. This project will reveal the central role played by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People beginning in the 1930s in laying the foundation for the racial integration of health care decades later under Medicare. This was accomplished through establishment of organization policies and programs, use of the courts in establishing legal precedent, building a consensus for integration among African-American health professionals, and then by engaging and pressuring executive leadership individuals to implement federal regulations consistent with legislation and court rulings. Primary sources include archival manuscripts, personal collections, government documents, newspapers and lay and medical journals as well as in-depth oral history interviews with individuals involved in the racial integration of hospitals at the local, regional and national levels. This proposal is to support the publication of a one-volume work that will serve as a comprehensive analysis of the racial integration of health care in the United States, and the preparation of the oral histories for deposit into a national archive.

目前还没有在历史、政治学、卫生政策和卫生管理领域对美国医疗保健的种族融合进行全面的分析。然而，在 20 世纪 60 年代，在医院病人入院以及医生和护士人员的任命方面，对少数族裔的明显歧视仍然存在。 随着 1964 年《民权法案》和 1965 年《医疗保险法案》的通过，联邦政府内的民权倡导者拥有立法授权，以保证平等地获得 1964 年《民权法案》第六章中联邦政府资助的项目，以及一项影响全国每家医院医疗保险的联邦计划。 本研究将确定医疗保险计划在多大程度上是医院种族融合的主要决定因素，从而评估联邦政府和民权倡导者为实现并确保医院种族融合所使用的经济激励措施的影响在民权运动和国家优先事项的更广泛背景下制定护理方案，以扩大美国老年人的健康覆盖范围。 该项目将揭示全国有色人种协进会自 20 世纪 30 年代开始所发挥的核心作用，为几十年后医疗保险下的医疗保健种族融合奠定了基础。 这是通过制定组织政策和计划、利用法院建立法律先例、在非裔美国卫生专业人员之间建立融合共识，然后通过吸引行政领导人员执行符合立法和法院的联邦法规并对其施加压力来实现的。裁决。主要来源包括档案手稿、个人收藏、政府文件、报纸、普通医学期刊以及对参与地方、地区和国家各级医院种族融合的个人的深入口述历史采访。 该提案旨在支持出版一本单卷书，该书将对美国医疗保健的种族融合进行全面分析，并准备口述历史以存入国家档案馆。