STFC Consolidated Grant for the Solar Physics Group at Northumbria University

STFC 为诺森比亚大学太阳物理小组提供综合拨款

• 批准号: ST/T000384/1
• 负责人: James McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 52.25万
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FT000384%2F1
• 关键词: STFC; Consolidated; Grant; Solar; Physics

The Solar Physics Group at Northumbria University has a long-term research programme to understand the physics of our closest star, the Sun, and other solar-like stars. The Sun displays a number of fascinating and dynamic phenomena such as powerful solar flares and giant, planet-sized concentrations of magnetic fields (sunspots). It also provides a unique window that permits us to examine in detail how stars behave. The Sun is made of a plasma (ionised gas) threaded by a strong magnetic field. Such magnetised plasmas are common throughout the Universe (e.g. active galaxy nuclei, nebula, interstellar medium), hence our research also advances the understanding across multiple research communities. Furthermore, we are also keen to determine how the Sun influences the near-Earth environment. The Sun is the powerhouse of our solar system and its daily variability can have profound consequences for Earth. Space Weather is the name given to the impact of events (e.g. solar flares, coronal mass ejections) from the Sun on our technologically-advanced society. This impact is both beautiful (e.g. Northern lights) and potentially extremely detrimental (e.g. damaging satellites, increasing radiation that is harmful to aircrew and astronauts). Thus, in order to understand and address the risks associated with Space Weather, we need to understand its origins and drivers. Our work aims to address one of STFC's Science Challenges, namely "How do stars and planetary systems develop and how do they support the existence of life?", as well as key questions in the STFC Roadmap for Solar System Research, e.g. "What are the structures, dynamics and energetics of the Sun?" and "What are the fundamental processes at work in the Solar System?". This proposal focuses on different aspects of these current challenges and questions, with a natural synergy across the projects that contributes towards our long-term goal of a complete and detailed understanding of the Sun. Here, we are interested in discovering answers to problems such as: How do giant vortices (magnetic solar tornadoes) and magnetic waves lead to the heating of the outer envelope of the Sun's atmosphere to millions of degrees, and accelerate streams of charged particles away from the Sun (the solar wind) at speeds of a million miles per hour? How is energy stored and released in magnetic fields, leading to powerful solar flares that give off intense radiation (X-rays, gamma rays) and accelerate particles to relativistic speeds? How can we predict when solar flares occur and so improve our ability to forecast them? To address these fundamental, yet unanswered, questions, our research makes use of advanced mathematical techniques and cutting-edge computer simulations to create models of the Sun based on magnetohydrodynamics. We combine this theoretical effort with the highest-quality data of the Sun available from state-of-the-art solar instruments (e.g. NASA's Solar Dynamic Observatory; DKI Solar Telescope) incorporating information from across the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. visible, EUV, X-ray) and analysing this with modern methods drawn from statistics and machine learning.

诺森比亚大学（Northumbria University）的太阳能物理小组有一项长期研究计划，以了解我们最近的恒星，太阳和其他类似太阳能的恒星的物理学。太阳显示出许多引人入胜且动态的现象，例如强大的太阳耀斑和巨型行星大小的磁场（黑子）。它还提供了一个独特的窗口，允许我们详细检查星星的行为方式。太阳由由强磁场螺纹的等离子体（离子气体）制成。这种磁化的等离子体在整个宇宙中很常见（例如，活跃的星系核，星云，星际培养基），因此我们的研究也提高了多个研究群落的理解。 此外，我们还渴望确定太阳如何影响近地环境。太阳是我们太阳能系统的强大，其日常变异性可能会对地球产生深远的影响。太空天气是从太阳对我们技术知名社会的影响（例如太阳耀斑，冠状质量弹射）的影响的名称。这种影响既美丽（例如北极光），也可能非常有害（例如破坏性卫星，增加对机组人员和宇航员有害的辐射）。因此，为了理解和解决与太空天气相关的风险，我们需要了解其起源和驱动因素。 我们的工作旨在应对STFC的科学挑战之一，即“恒星和行星系统如何发展以及它们如何支持生命的存在？”，以及STFC的太阳系研究中的STFC路线图中的关键问题，例如。 “太阳的结构，动力和能量是什么？”和“太阳系中工作的基本过程是什么？”。该提案的重点是这些当前挑战和问题的不同方面，整个项目的自然协同作用有助于我们对太阳有完整和详细理解的长期目标。在这里，我们有兴趣发现以下问题的答案，例如：巨型涡流（磁性太阳能龙卷风）和磁波如何导致太阳大气的外包层加热到数百万度，并加速带电的颗粒流。太阳（太阳风）以每小时一百万英里的速度？能量如何在磁场中存储和释放，从而导致强大的太阳耀斑，从而释放强烈的辐射（X射线，伽马射线）并加速颗粒至相对论速度？我们如何预测何时出现太阳耀斑，从而提高我们预测它们的能力？为了解决这些基本但未解决的问题，我们的研究利用先进的数学技术和尖端的计算机模拟来创建基于磁流失动力学的太阳模型。我们将这种理论上的努力与可从最先进的太阳能仪器（例如NASA的太阳能动态天文台； DKI太阳能望远镜）提供的太阳的最高质量数据结合在一起，这些信息包含来自电磁频谱的信息 - 雷）并通过统计和机器学习得出的现代方法对此进行分析。

项目成果

Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4222
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: B. De Pontieu;P. Testa;J. Martínez-Sykora;P. Antolin;K. Karampelas;V. Hansteen;M. Rempel;M. Cheung;F. Reale;S. Danilovic;P. Pagano;V. Polito;I. De Moortel;D. Nóbrega-Siverio;T. Van Doorsselaere;A. Petralia;M. Asgari-Targhi;P. Boerner;M. Carlsson;G. Chintzoglou;A. Daw;E. DeLuca;L. Golub;Takuma Matsumoto;I. Ugarte-Urra;S. McIntosh

Reconnection nanojets in the solar corona

• DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-1199-8
• 发表时间: 2020-09-21
• 期刊: NATURE ASTRONOMY
• 影响因子: 14.1
• 作者: Antolin, Patrick;Pagano, Paolo;Reale, Fabio
• 通讯作者: Reale, Fabio

An overall view of temperature oscillations in the solar chromosphere with ALMA

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0174
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
• 作者: S. Jafarzadeh;S. Wedemeyer;B. Fleck;M. Stangalini;D. Jess;R. Morton;M. Szydlarski;V. Henriques;X. Zhu;T. Wiegelmann;J. C. Guevara Gómez;S. Grant;B. Chen;K. Reardon;S. White

Novel Data Analysis Techniques in Coronal Seismology

• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00869-w
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Space Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 10.3
• 作者: S. Anfinogentov;P. Antolin;A. Inglis;D. Kolotkov;E. Kupriyanova;J. McLaughlin;G. Nisticò;D. Pascoe-D.-Pa

Probing the physics of the solar atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE): I. Coronal Heating

使用多缝太阳探测器 (MUSE) 探测太阳大气的物理特性：I. 日冕加热

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2106.15584
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: De Pontieu B