Chemical intervention strategies

化学干预策略

• 批准号: 6345334
• 负责人: Timothy Phillips
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-12-12 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6345334
• 关键词: clay; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; ground water; soil pollution; toxicant interaction; waste treatment; water pollution

Notable concerns about the quality and safety of our environment have evoked a growing awareness of the significant hazards associated with diverse organic and metal pollutants in groundwater associated with Superfund sites. Many of these prioritized target chemicals (TCs) can have severe and long lasting effects on health. The scope of the problem is broader still, since TCs routinely occur as complex chemical mixtures, the toxicities and interactions of which are ill-defined. Clearly, appropriate chemical intervention strategies for the remediation of polluted groundwater and the prevention of TC-induced disease in humans and animals are high priorities. In this project, our proposed aims are fourfold: i) to develop and/or characterize field-practical, clay-based adsorbents that can be used to bind and remove TCS from groundwater, ii) to chemically anchor these detoxifying clays onto inert matrices to enhance the water permeability and filtration capabilities of the clay- matrix composite, iii) to assess the effectiveness of prioritized clay composites for the removal of TCs from contaminated groundwater effluents at selected Superfund sites and to predict the successful decontamination and detoxification of this groundwater via chemical and biological analyses, and iv) to determine the efficacy of high capacity, high affinity detoxifying clays in the chemoprevention of TC-induced toxicity in vivo. In a newly reported procedure form our laboratory, hydrophilic and hydrophobic clay minerals have been chemically bonded to sand and utilized as a method for dramatically improving the discharge capacity of montmorillonate clays, while retaining their sorptive characteristics and improving their contact with the carrier medium. A distinct advantage of this model over existing methods of water treatment is the increased bulk density of the sand-immobilized clay product, which is now amenable to large scale processing of groundwater via in-line columns or existing fixed-bed sand filtration systems. Further research is clearly warranted to delineate optimal clays and clay-based sorbent systems for the remediation of polluted groundwater.

对环境质量和安全的显着担忧 引起了人们对与相关重大危险的日益增长的认识 地下水中多种有机污染物和金属污染物 超级基金网站。许多优先目标化学品 (TC) 可以 对健康产生严重且长期的影响。问题的范围 范围更广，因为TC通常以复杂的化学混合物的形式出现， 其毒性和相互作用尚不明确。清楚地， 适当的化学干预策略来修复 地下水污染与TC引起的疾病的预防 人类和动物是重中之重。在这个项目中，我们提出的目标 有四个方面：i) 开发和/或表征现场实用的、基于粘土的 可用于结合和去除地下水中的 TCS 的吸附剂， ii) 将这些解毒粘土化学锚定到惰性基质上 增强粘土的透水性和过滤能力 基质复合材料，iii) 评估优先粘土的有效性 用于从受污染地下水中去除TC的复合材料 选定超级基金地点的废水并预测成功 通过化学方法对地下水进行净化和解毒 生物分析，以及 iv) 确定高容量的功效， 高亲和力解毒粘土在 TC 诱导的化学预防中的应用 体内毒性。在我们实验室新报告的程序中， 亲水性和疏水性粘土矿物已通过化学键合 砂磨并用作显着改善排放的方法 蒙脱石粘土的能力，同时保留其吸附性 特性并改善它们与载体介质的接触。一个 该模型相对于现有水处理方法的明显优势 为固砂粘土产品的增加的堆积密度， 现在可以通过在线大规模处理地下水 柱或现有的固定床砂过滤系统。进一步的研究是 明确有必要描绘最佳粘土和粘土基吸附剂 污染地下水修复系统。