AGE AND COMPONENTS OF RESPONSE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS

年龄和响应时间分布的组成部分

• 批准号: 6372368
• 负责人: DANIEL H SPIELER
• 金额: $ 1.77万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-04-01 至 2002-01-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6372368
• 关键词: age difference; aging; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; memory; neural information processing; performance; psychological models; psychomotor reaction time; age difference; aging; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; memory; neural information processing; performance; psychological models; psychomotor reaction time

Theories of cognitive aging can be divided into two classes. Global theories of cognitive aging posit a small number of global effects of aging on information processing such as a generalized slowing (GS) of information processing. It is proposed that progress in distinguishing between these two classes of theories will be easier with the development and use of general models of information processing that allow one to examine the nature of age differences across a wide variety of tasks. These models allow researchers to detect general influences of aging on information processing and simultaneously provide a framework for interpreting local deviations from global trends. In addition, the application of general computation models helps determine the particular empirical results that will be maximally informative in understanding age differences in information processing. Random walk models are argued to be well suited to explore age differences in a variety of processing domains. These models provide the framework for interpreting age differences in performance and provide a unified framework for modeling age differences in both speed and accuracy measures. Previous applications of random walk models have shown that empirical results that have been viewed as supporting GS theories actually underdetermine the nature of age differences in processing. Based on the application of the random walk model, it is argued that analyses of response time (RT) distributions will be critical in constraining the development of more detailed models of cognitive aging. In this light, the proposed research will sample age differences in a variety of processing domains. A method for modeling the RT distributions in younger and older adults that involves fitting a theoretical function called an ex-Gaussian distribution to the empirical RT distributions will be used to quantify these age differences. Random walk models will be used to model age differences in performance and provide a framework for interpreting age differences in RT distributions. This program of research will provide information about global and local effects of aging, and will provide a more clear specification of the empirical slowing phenomena that is ubiquitous in cognitive aging research. Furthermore, this modeling approach will help to bridge the gap between cognitive aging models, and more traditional models of information processing.

认知衰老的理论可以分为两类。 认知衰老的全球理论认为 在信息处理中老化，例如广义放慢（GS） 信息处理。有人提出，区分 通过开发和使用，这两类理论将更容易 信息处理的一般模型，使人们可以检查性质 各种任务的年龄差异。这些模型允许 研究人员检测衰老对信息处理的一般影响和 同时提供了解释本地偏差的框架 全球趋势。此外，一般计算模型的应用有助于 确定最大程度丰富的特定经验结果 了解信息处理的年龄差异。随机步行型号 被认为非常适合探索各种年龄差异 处理域。这些模型为解释年龄提供了框架 性能差异并为建模年龄提供统一的框架 速度和准确度措施的差异。以前的申请 随机步行模型表明，被视为的经验结果 支持GS理论实际上不确定年龄差异的性质 加工。根据随机步行模型的应用，请参见 响应时间（RT）分布的分析至关重要 限制更详细的认知衰老模型的发展。在 拟议的研究将在各种各样的年龄差异中进行样本差异 处理域。一种模拟年轻和年轻的RT分布的方法 涉及拟合理论功能的老年人称为前高斯 分配给经验RT分布将用于量化这些 年龄差异。随机步行模型将用于建模年龄差异 性能并提供解释RT年龄差异的框架 分布。该研究计划将提供有关全球的信息 以及衰老的局部影响，并将提供更清晰的规格 经验减慢现象在认知衰老研究中无处不在。 此外，这种建模方法将有助于弥合 认知衰老模型以及更传统的信息处理模型。