Experimental Particle Physics at UCL

伦敦大学学院实验粒子物理

• 批准号: ST/H001158/2
• 负责人: Nikolaos Konstantinidis
• 金额: $ 1004.69万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH001158%2F2
• 关键词: Experimental; Particle; Physics; UCL

Experimental particle physics seeks to study extremely small sizes, or equivalently extremely high energies. It in effect probes the conditions that existed in the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. These unique conditions that we are studying ultimately allowed stars, galaxies, planets & finally life to form & dictate how the universe will evolve far into the future. We are studying the underlying nature of the physical universe in terms of fundamental forces & particles. Experiments capable of reaching these extremes of energy & size are very technically challenging. The challenges include devising precision detectors which can operate in hostile environments, particle accelerators which can achieve high energy collisions, super-sensitive detectors capable of identifying very rare decays with very small 'background noise', high-speed electronics which can read out millions of pieces of information per second, & robust, flexible software which can analyse the data in a distributed computing system all over the world. Thus another consequence of an active particle physics activity is a stimulation of technological developments, the training of people skilled in the development & use of innovative technology & improvements in industrial manufacturing capability. This is a 'rolling grant', which means that it covers a broad variety of particle physics experiments. The rolling grant underpins the base of highly skilled research & technical staff allowing UCL to be a leader in experimental physics at the very highest levels. It provides a measure of career security, as well as travel & equipment money. This also allows the group to function effectively in the training of PhD students & young post-doctoral researchers. Crucially, the scientific advances that this grant will support are grounded in & will be tested by experimental observations. The science this grant will support includes: - Understanding the mechanism that gives particles mass by searching for new fundamental particles such as the Higgs boson & examining in detail the interactions of W bosons (the particles responsible for the weak nuclear force) at the highest energies using the ATLAS detector at CERN's LHC & by measuring very precisely the mass of the W boson using the CDF detector at the Tevatron collider. - Understanding why we live in a universe that is dominated by matter with only a tiny anti-matter component which is at odds with the conditions immediately following the Big Bang when matter & antimatter co-existed in equal amounts. We will study in detail the properties of the neutrino, which is a stable, uncharged, almost massless particle released in radioactive beta decays & decays of unstable particles. The study is performed at the MINOS, NEMO-III & ultimately SuperNEMO (which we are building) experiments that are searching for rare processes where neutrinos change their identity & for rare beta decay processes releasing two electrons & no neutrinos. - Understanding the nature of the strong nuclear force through measurements of the internal structure of the proton using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider. - Searching for phenomena at extremely high energy which can help to define a more fundamental theory that unifies the twin pillars of 20th century physics: Einstein's theory of General Relativity & Quantum Mechanics. We are searching for the interaction of ultra-high energy neutrinos with the Antarctic ice using the ANITA experiment & R&D towards experiments searching for the exceedingly rare process whereby a muon (a heavy electron type particle) spontaneously converts into an electron. Some of this work is funded on other grants but is underpinned by the technical expertise that is supported by this rolling grant. Continuity & support for the technical base in the UCL High Energy Physics Group & for the young researchers to develop is vital to progress the science & the benefits that it brings.

实验粒子物理学旨在研究极小的尺寸，或同等的极高的能量。它实际上探测了宇宙大爆炸后几分之一秒内存在的条件。我们正在研究的这些独特条件最终使恒星、星系、行星以及最终生命得以形成并决定了宇宙将如何演化到遥远的未来。我们正在研究物理宇宙的基本力和粒子的基本性质。能够达到这些极端能量和尺寸的实验在技术上非常具有挑战性。这些挑战包括设计可在恶劣环境下运行的精密探测器、可实现高能碰撞的粒子加速器、能够以非常小的“背景噪声”识别非常罕见的衰变的超灵敏探测器、可读出数百万个数据的高速电子设备。每秒的信息条数，以及强大、灵活的软件，可以分析世界各地分布式计算系统中的数据。因此，活跃的粒子物理活动的另一个结果是刺激技术发展，培训开发和使用创新技术的技术人员以及提高工业制造能力。这是一项“滚动资助”，这意味着它涵盖了各种各样的粒子物理实验。滚动资助巩固了高技能研究和技术人员的基础，使伦敦大学学院成为实验物理学最高水平的领导者。它提供了一定程度的职业保障以及旅行和设备费用。这也使得该小组能够在博士生和年轻博士后研究人员的培训方面有效发挥作用。至关重要的是，这笔赠款将支持的科学进步以实验观察为基础，并将通过实验观察进行检验。这笔赠款将支持的科学包括： - 通过寻找新的基本粒子（例如希格斯玻色子）并详细检查 W 玻色子（负责弱核力的粒子）在最高能量下的相互作用，了解赋予粒子质量的机制使用 CERN 大型强子对撞机的 ATLAS 探测器，并使用 Tevatron 对撞机的 CDF 探测器非常精确地测量 W 玻色子的质量。 - 理解为什么我们生活在一个由物质主导的宇宙中，只有极小的反物质成分，这与大爆炸后物质和反物质等量共存的条件不一致。我们将详细研究中微子的特性，中微子是一种稳定的、不带电的、几乎无质量的粒子，在放射性β衰变和不稳定粒子的衰变中释放。这项研究是在 MINOS、NEMO-III 和最终的 SuperNEMO（我们正在建造）实验中进行的，这些实验正在寻找中微子改变其身份的罕见过程，以及释放两个电子但不释放中微子的罕见β衰变过程。 - 使用 HERA 对撞机上的 ZEUS 探测器测量质子的内部结构，了解强核力的本质。 - 寻找极高能量的现象，这有助于定义一个更基本的理论，统一 20 世纪物理学的两大支柱：爱因斯坦的广义相对论和量子力学。我们正在使用 ANITA 实验和研发来寻找超高能中微子与南极冰的相互作用，以寻找极其罕见的过程，即 μ 子（一种重电子型粒子）自发转化为电子。其中一些工作是由其他赠款资助的，但以滚动赠款支持的技术专业知识为基础。对伦敦大学学院高能物理小组技术基础和年轻研究人员发展的连续性和支持对于科学进步及其带来的好处至关重要。

项目成果

Search for heavy resonances decaying into WW in the $$e\nu \mu \nu $$ e ? µ ? final state in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

寻找 $$e u mu u $$ e 中衰减成 WW 的重共振？

• DOI: http://dx.10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5491-4
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Aaboud M

Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器测量 13 TeV 质子-质子碰撞中与 Z 玻色子相关的单顶夸克的产生截面

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.023
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Aaboud M

Search for additional heavy neutral Higgs and gauge bosons in the ditau final state produced in 36 fb-1 of pp collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器在 s = 13 $$ sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV 处的 36 fb-1 pp 碰撞中搜索额外的重中性希格斯粒子和规范玻色子，其处于 ditau 最终态

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/jhep01(2018)055
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Aaboud M

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in $$\sqrt{s}=13$$s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

在与 ATLAS 探测器的 $$sqrt{s}=13$$s=13 TeV pp 碰撞中搜索与底夸克或顶夸克相关的暗物质

• DOI: http://dx.10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5486-1
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Aaboud M

Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top quark decays t ? H c and t ? H u in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

寻找顶夸克衰变中改变风味的中性流 t ？

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevd.98.032002
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Aaboud M