Smoking, Brain Function and Outcome in Adolescents

青少年吸烟、大脑功能和结果

• 批准号: 6424723
• 负责人: LESLIE K JACOBSEN
• 金额: $ 25.03万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6424723
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); attention; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; blood tests; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; chemical structure function; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; developmental psychology; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; longitudinal human study; memory; model design /development; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; nicotine; psychological models; smoking; smoking cessation; statistics /biometry; tobacco abuse; urinalysis

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant) Adolescent initiation of tobacco use remains a major public health problem. With nearly 35 percent of high school students currently using tobacco, it is estimated that 5 million children living today will die prematurely as adults due to initiation of tobacco use during adolescence. The high rates of initiation of tobacco use among teenagers is likely multifactorial. However, given the heightened educational demands encountered during adolescence, enhancement of brain function with tobacco use may pose a particularly compelling inducement to transition from infrequent to regular tobacco use. Nicotine has been shown to enhance performance on tests of attention and, in some cases, on tests of memory in nondeprived smokers and in nonsmokers. Enhancement of memory by nicotine may be restricted to infrequent tobacco users. In this proposal the relationship between the effect of recent tobacco use and of nicotine withdrawal on activation of neural circuits that mediate performance of tasks involving working memory and selective attention will be examined in adolescent tobacco users. The relationship between brain response to recent tobacco use and tobacco use outcome at one-year follow-up will then be assessed. Preliminary data from a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of adolescent tobacco users suggests that, relative to nicotine withdrawal, recent tobacco use is associated with greater activation of left prefrontal cortex during high verbal working memory load conditions and greater activation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during high attention load conditions. We will test the hypothesis that greater change in brain activation in response to recent smoking relative to nicotine withdrawal is associated with progression of tobacco use (heavier use, greater degree of nicotine dependence, failure to achieve abstinence) at one year follow-up and that this relationship will be observed chiefly in subjects who used tobacco infrequently at study entry. The relationship between the degree of change cognitive performance (assessed prior to and during scanning) in response to recent tobacco use and tobacco use at one-year follow-up will also be examined.

描述：（申请人提供） 烟草使用的青少年启动仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。 目前有近35％的高中生使用烟草，这是 据估计，今天居住的500万儿童会过早死亡 由于在青春期开始使用烟草。高率 在青少年中使用烟草使用的开始可能是多因素的。然而， 鉴于青春期遇到的教育要求提高， 使用烟草的使用增强大脑功能可能构成特别的 从罕见到常规烟草使用的引人注目的诱导诱导。 尼古丁已被证明可以增强注意力测试的表现，并在 在某些情况下，在非剥夺吸烟者和非吸烟者中的记忆测试中。 尼古丁对记忆的增强可能仅限于较少的烟草 用户。在此提案中，近期烟草的影响之间的关系 在激活介导的神经回路上的使用和提取尼古丁 涉及工作记忆和选择性关注的任务的执行将是 在青少年烟草用户中进行了检查。大脑反应之间的关系 对于最近的烟草使用和烟草使用结果，一年的随访将会 被评估。来自功能磁共振成像的初步数据 （fMRI）研究青少年烟草使用者的研究表明，相对于尼古丁 提取，最近的烟草使用与更大的左激活有关 高口语工作记忆负荷条件下的前额叶皮层和更大的 高注意负荷期间右背外侧前额叶皮层的激活 状况。我们将检验以下假设，即大脑激活的变化更大 响应近期吸烟相对于尼古丁提取的响应 随着烟草使用的进展（较重的使用，更大程度的尼古丁 依赖性，未能实现禁欲）在一年的随访中 在不经常使用烟草的受试者中，将主要观察到关系 在研究条目中。变化程度认知程度之间的关系 响应最近的性能（在扫描之前和扫描期间评估） 还将检查一年后续使用的烟草使用和烟草使用。