The properties, mechanisms, and hazards of interplate and intraplate earthquakes in India

印度板间和板内地震的性质、机制和危害

• 批准号: NE/Z503484/1
• 负责人: Daniel Faulkner
• 金额: $ 108.41万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FZ503484%2F1
• 关键词: properties; mechanisms; hazards; interplate; intraplate

Describe the research in simple terms in a way that could be publicised to a general audience. This will be made publicly available, and Applicants are responsible for ensuring that the content is suitable for publication. No more than, 4000 characters including spaces and returns.Seismic hazards endanger both human lives and critical infrastructure, underscoring the need for a more profound understanding of earthquake dynamics and precise risk assessment, especially in regions prone to infrequent, long-recurrence events. Globally, earthquakes predominantly cluster along tectonic plate boundaries, where heightened seismic risk is acknowledged despite the lack of precise information on location and timing of earthquakes. Conversely, intraplate regions, situated away from these boundaries, also experience significant earthquakes, presenting a distinct challenge due to their rarity. Notably, these seismically active intraplate regions often coincide with large urban centres, amplifying potential risks.Key features that distinguish interplate and intraplate earthquakes include (1) variations in the stress on the fault that drives slip; (2) earthquake magnitude-frequency distributions - the number of small earthquakes in a region relative to large earthquakes; and (3) source parameters that dictate the severity of an earthquake, including the stress drop, duration of the event, and precursory phases that occur immediately preceding earthquakes. Investigating these distinctions and the underlying reasons responsible for them, as well as documenting historical earthquake events, holds promise for both a more comprehensive understanding of earthquakes and a pathway to enhanced regional seismic hazard assessment.Our project is dedicated to exploring the fundamental physics of earthquake rupture and documenting historical earthquakes within the Indian subcontinent including the public and state response to these events. These endeavours are inextricably linked and involve distinguishing the characteristic features between interplate and intraplate regions through a combination of laboratory experiments, borehole stress measurements, and seismic monitoring, and developing better records of historical seismicity and the response to it. By scrutinizing stress conditions, rock properties, earthquake magnitudes, source characteristics, and infrequent historical events, we aim to elevate the precision of risk analysis in key regions within India.The knowledge gained from these activities will be brought together to craft an educational and outreach initiative aimed at both the general population (through schools) and local government through education on the scientific and historical nature of earthquake hazard and development of tools to improve decision making. The program will heighten public awareness regarding earthquake risks, promote straightforward life-saving measures, and develop better planning to prepare and deal with future seismic hazard.

以可以向普通受众宣传的方式用简单的术语描述该研究。这将公开，申请人有责任确保内容适合发布。包括空格和回车在内，不超过 4000 个字符。地震危害危及人类生命和关键基础设施，强调需要更深入地了解地震动力学和精确的风险评估，特别是在容易发生罕见、长期重复事件的地区。在全球范围内，地震主要集中在构造板块边界，尽管缺乏有关地震位置和时间的精确信息，但人们承认那里的地震风险较高。相反，远离这些边界的板内区域也会经历严重的地震，由于其罕见性而呈现出明显的挑战。值得注意的是，这些地震活跃的板内区域通常与大型城市中心重合，从而放大了潜在风险。区分板间地震和板内地震的关键特征包括（1）驱动滑移的断层上的应力变化； (2)地震震级频率分布——一个地区小地震相对于大地震的数量； (3) 决定地震严重程度的震源参数，包括应力下降、事件持续时间以及地震前发生的前兆阶段。研究这些区别及其根本原因，并记录历史地震事件，有望更全面地了解地震，并为加强区域地震灾害评估提供途径。我们的项目致力于探索地震的基本物理原理破裂并记录印度次大陆历史上的地震，包括公众和国家对这些事件的反应。这些努力是密不可分的，涉及通过实验室实验、钻孔应力测量和地震监测的结合来区分板间和板内区域的特征，并开发更好的历史地震活动记录及其响应。通过仔细检查应力条件、岩石特性、地震震级、震源特征和罕见历史事件，我们的目标是提高印度关键地区风险分析的精度。从这些活动中获得的知识将汇集在一起​​，制定教育和宣传活动该倡议针对普通民众（通过学校）和地方政府，通过有关地震灾害的科学和历史性质的教育以及开发改进决策的工具。该计划将提高公众对地震风险的认识，推广直接的救生措施，并制定更好的规划来准备和应对未来的地震灾害。