Cosmology and Astrophysics at Portsmouth

朴茨茅斯的宇宙学和天体物理学

• 批准号: ST/K00090X/1
• 负责人: Robert Nichol
• 金额: $ 175.65万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FK00090X%2F1
• 关键词: Cosmology; Astrophysics; Portsmouth

This consolidated grant is to support cosmology and astrophysics research in the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG) at the University of Portsmouth. The ICG was formed in 2002 through a strategic investment from the university, and now hosts 50 researchers making it one of the largest extragalactic astronomy groups in the UK. Cosmology and astrophysics are experiencing a golden age of discovery driven by new experiments and theoretical advances. However, we still face three fundamental challenges before a more complete model of the Universe can be achieved: i) What are the properties of the "dark matter" and "dark energy" that make up 96% of the Universe? ii) How do galaxies form and evolve? iii) What is the origin and distribution of structures in the Universe?This grant will address these fundamental problems through pioneering theoretical work and the use of new surveys of the sky to map billions of distant galaxies. Galaxies are the "building blocks" of the Universe and as well as studying how they form, we will use the galaxies to improve our understanding of cosmology (the properties of the Universe as a whole). We will exploit current and forthcoming galaxy surveys including the Dark Energy Survey, BOSS and LOFAR to measure numerous probes of cosmology such as the clustering of galaxies, supernovae and weak gravitational lensing (distortions of the galaxies' shape due to gravity). Precise cosmological models will be constructed and analysed, and simulated with Portsmouth's SCIAMA supercomputer. These models will be compared to data to reveal the cosmological properties of the Universe.These surveys will also be used to study how galaxies form, by measuring their colours and taking detailed spectra of the galaxies. We will also study the evolution of galaxies by comparing the galaxies in the nearby Universe, showing their present state, with those of the distant Universe, which gives us a window into the past. Bringing together all our work, we will model and measure the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire history. We will constrain whether the accelerated cosmic expansion is best accounted for by a cosmological constant, as first proposed by Einstein, or more exotic theories like quintessence, extra dimensions or changes to the laws of gravity. Additionally, our analyses will shed light on the properties of dark matter, which we can detect via gravity but which does not interact like normal matter. We will also obtain a fuller understanding of the characteristics of galaxies throughout cosmic time. This will tell us whether the usual assumptions about dark matter provide an adequate description of the formation and evolution of galaxies.In addition to research, the ICG staff are committed to public outreach and have been engaged in a number of high-profile activities in the media and local community. For example, our staff have visited many local schools to discuss their careers, their research (e.g. Galaxy Zoo), and their enthusiasm for astrophysics and cosmology.

这项合并的赠款是为了支持朴次茅斯大学宇宙学与重力研究所（ICG）的宇宙学和天体物理学研究。 ICG是通过大学的一项战略投资成立的，现在拥有50名研究人员，使其成为英国最大的贸易外天文学群体之一。宇宙学和天体物理学正在经历新的实验和理论进步驱动的发现黄金时代。但是，在实现更完整的宇宙模型之前，我们仍然面临三个基本挑战：i）占宇宙96％的“暗物质”和“暗能量”的特性是什么？ ii）星系如何形成和发展？ iii）宇宙中结构的起源和分布是什么？这笔赠款将通过开创性的理论工作和使用新的天空调查来绘制数十亿个遥远的星系来解决这些基本问题。星系是宇宙的“基础”，也是研究它们的形成方式，我们将使用星系来提高我们对宇宙学的理解（整个宇宙的特性）。我们将利用包括黑暗能源调查，老板和Lofar在内的电流和即将进行的星系调查，以测量众多宇宙学探针，例如星系的聚类，超新星和弱重力透镜（由于重力而导致的星系形状扭曲）。将构建和分析精确的宇宙学模型，并使用朴茨茅斯的Sciona超级计算机进行模拟。将将这些模型与数据进行比较，以揭示宇宙的宇宙学特性。这些调查还将用于研究星系的形成，测量其颜色并绘制星系的详细光谱。我们还将通过比较附近宇宙中的星系，显示它们的现状以及遥远宇宙的星系，研究星系的演变，这使我们成为了过去的窗口。将我们所有的工作汇集在一起​​，我们将在整个历史中建模并衡量宇宙的演变。我们将限制加速的宇宙扩张是由爱因斯坦首先提出的宇宙常数，还是更奇特的理论，例如典当，额外的维度或重力定律的变化。此外，我们的分析将阐明暗物质的特性，我们可以通过重力检测到，但不会像正常物质那样相互作用。我们还将对整个宇宙时间的星系特征有更深入的了解。这将告诉我们有关暗物质的通常假设是否提供了星系的形成和演变的充分描述。除了研究外，ICG工作人员致力于公众外展，并在媒体和当地社区中从事许多高调活动。例如，我们的员工访问了许多当地学校，讨论他们的职业，他们的研究（例如Galaxy Zoo）以及对天体物理学和宇宙学的热情。

项目成果

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological constraints from cluster abundances and weak lensing

暗能量调查第一年结果：星团丰度和弱透镜效应的宇宙学限制

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.023509
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott T

Cosmology from cosmic shear with Dark Energy Survey science verification data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.022001
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration;T. Abbott;F. Abdalla;S. Allam;A. Amara;J. Annis;R. Armstrong;D. Bacon;M. Banerji;A. Bauer;E. Baxter;M. Becker;A. Benoit-Lévy;R. Bernstein;G. Bernstein;E. Bertin;J. Blazek;C. Bonnett;S. Bridle;D. Brooks;C. Bruderer;E. Buckley-Geer;D. Burke;M. Busha;D. Capozzi;A. Rosell;M. Kind;J. Carretero;F. Castander;C. Chang;J. Clampitt;M. Crocce;C. Cunha;C. D'Andrea;L. Costa;R. Das;D. Depoy;S. Desai;H. Diehl;J. Dietrich;S. Dodelson;P. Doel;A. Drlica-Wagner;G. Efstathiou;T. Eifler;B. Erickson;J. Estrada;A. Evrard;A. F. Neto;E. Fernandez;D. Finley;B. Flaugher;P. Fosalba;O. Friedrich;J. Frieman;C. Gangkofner;J. García-Bellido;E. Gaztañaga;D. Gerdes;D. Gruen;R. Gruendl;G. Gutiérrez;W. Hartley;M. Hirsch;K. Honscheid;E. Huff;B. Jain;D. James;M. Jarvis;T. Kacprzak;S. Kent;D. Kirk;E. Krause;A. Kravtsov;K. Kuehn;N. Kuropatkin;J. Kwan;O. Lahav;B. Leistedt;T. Li;M. Lima;H. Lin;N. MacCrann;M. March;J. Marshall;P. Martini;R. McMahon;Peter Melchior;C. Miller;R. Miquel;J. Mohr;E. Neilsen;R. Nichol;A. Nicola;B. Nord;R. Ogando;A. Palmese;H. Peiris;A. Plazas;A. Réfrégier;N. Roe;A. Romer;A. Roodman;B. Rowe;E. Rykoff;C. Sabiu;I. Sadeh;M. Sako;S. Samuroff;C. S'anchez;E. Sánchez;H. Seo;I. Sevilla-Noarbe;E. Sheldon;R. C. Smith;M. Soares-Santos;F. Sobreira;E. Suchyta;M. Swanson;G. Tarlé;J. Thaler;D. Thomas;M. Troxel;V. Vikram;A. Walker;R. Wechsler;J. Weller;Y. Zhang;J. Zuntz

Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and weak lensing

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.043526
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: T. Abbott;F. Abdalla;A. Alarcon;J. Aleksić;S. Allam;S. Allen;A. Amara;J. Annis;J. Asorey-J.-As

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

深层地下中微子实验（DUNE）近探测器概念设计报告

• DOI: 10.3390/instruments5040031
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Instruments
• 作者: Manly, Steven;Kordosky, Mike;On behalf of the DUNE Collaboration, null
• 通讯作者: On behalf of the DUNE Collaboration, null

The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO): a white paper

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/p08035
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Q. Abarr;P. Allison;J. Ammerman Yebra;J. Alvarez-Muñiz;J. Beatty;D. Besson;P. Chen;Y. Chen;C. Xie;J. Clem;A. Connolly;L. Cremonesi;C. Deaconu;J. Flaherty;D. Frikken;P. Gorham;C. Hast;C. Hornhuber;J. Huang;K. Hughes;A. Hynous;Y. Ku;C. Kuo;T. Liu;Z. Martin;C. Miki;J. Nam;R. Nichol;K. Nishimura;A. Novikov;A. Nozdrina;E. Oberla;S. Prohira;R. Prechelt;B. Rauch;J. M. Roberts;A. Romero-Wolf;J. W. Russell;D. Seckel;J. Shiao;D. Smith;D. Southall;G. Varner;A. Vieregg;S. Wang;Y. Wang;S. Wissel;R. Young;E. Zas;A. Zeolla