Proposal for continuation of UK participation in the International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

关于英国继续参与国际μ介子电离冷却实验的提案

• 批准号: ST/J001945/1
• 负责人: Steven Boyd
• 金额: $ 40.71万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FJ001945%2F1
• 关键词: Proposal; continuation; UK; participation; International

Neutrinos are three different but related particles; their ability to turn into each other has given physicists their first glimpse of the physics which they know must lay beyond the Standard Model. Investigation of the physics which underlies their properties will: deepen our understanding of how the Universe developed after the Big Bang; how the current asymmetry between matter and anti-matter developed from a situation where they were created in equal amounts in the Big Bang; and help us to understand what happens when a supernova explodes showering the cosmos with the heavy elements necessary for planets and life itself to form. In order to understand their properties, we must build an accelerator capable of creating neutrinos in immense numbers. They must have energy between well-defined limits and the mixture of different types must be very precisely known. Such a facility, known as the Neutrino Factory, would be revolutionary and to build one is a challenging project, both from the point of view of the particle detectors which must be built, and the engineering problems which must be overcome. This programme needs a world-wide collaboration, but it is one in which physicists and engineers from the UK are playing a leading role. Neutrinos are created from a beam of muons and the muons themselves are produced from the decay of pions produced by the collision of protons with a metal target. A machine to make an intense beam of neutrinos needs to take the beam of muons, which is large and diverges rapidly, and reduce its size and divergence. The resulting beam can be accelerated, stored and when it decays produces an intense beam of neutrinos. The muons only live for 2.2 microseconds when at rest, and even when they are accelerated and their lifetime is extended by the effect of relativity, there is little time to manipulate the muons so that they are in a state to be accelerated. MICE is an international collaboration based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, which uses a beam of muons created by the ISIS accelerator and aims to show that it is feasible to create such an intense beam. It will do this by creating a beam of muons of much lower intensity and tracking each one individually through one part of the system which has been designed to perform this beam compression at the Neutrino Factory. This process where the random sideways motions of the muons are reduced and we are left with the longitudinal motion is referred to as cooling the beam; the system which performs the cooling is known as the cooling channel. The first stage was to build a system capable of producing a muon beam whose size and divergence could be adjusted before it enters the cooling channel. This was completed last year and measurements have been made to show that the beam has the flexibility and intensity for MICE to perform the required measurements. The second stage is to finish construction of the cooling channel itself and to provide a system to measure very accurately the position and momentum of each muon before and after it has passed through the cooling channel. By looking at many muons produced in many different conditions, it will be possible to determine how much cooling has been produced by the channel. In the channel itself the muons will be slowed by passing through a suitable material, such as liquid hydrogen, liquid helium or lithium hydride. As they slow they lose momentum both longitudinally and transversely to the beam axis. Then they are accelerated with high field radio frequency cavities, replacing only the longitudinal momentum. This experiment which is pushing the boundaries of what is possible with materials, magnets and cooling technologies, represents a collaboration between particle physicists, and accelerator physicists and will demonstrate the UK's ability to host an experiment at the forefront of science and engineering.

中微子是三个不同但相关的颗粒。他们彼此变成的能力使物理学家的第一次瞥见了他们所知道的物理学必须超越标准模型。对其性质基础的物理学的调查将：加深我们对宇宙在大爆炸后如何发展的理解；当前物质与反物质之间的当前不对称是如何从大爆炸中相等创建的情况下发展的；并帮助我们了解超新星用行星和生命本身所必需的沉重元素爆炸时会发生什么。 为了了解其属性，我们必须建立一个能够创建庞大数量中微子的加速器。它们必须在定义明确的极限之间具有能量，并且不同类型的混合物必须非常清楚。这种称为中微子工厂的设施将是革命性的，并且要建立一个是一个具有挑战性的项目，这是从必须建造的粒子探测器的角度，以及必须克服的工程问题。该计划需要全球合作，但这是英国的物理学家和工程师发挥领导作用的计划。中微子是由im束产生的，穆斯本身是由质子与金属靶的碰撞产生的乳头腐烂产生的。一台使中微子束的机器需要拿起大束，该光束较大，并且迅速发散，并降低其大小和差异。所得的光束可以加速，存储并且衰减时会产生强烈的中微子束。穆斯在休息时只能以2.2微秒的形式生存，即使它们加速并通过相对论的效果延长了它们的寿命，几乎没有时间来操纵muons，以便它们处于加速状态。 MICE是位于牛津郡的卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室的国际合作，它使用了ISIS加速器创建的一束MUON的光束，旨在表明创建如此强烈的光束是可行的。它将通过创建一束强度较低的兆梁，并通过系统的一个部分进行单独跟踪，该光束旨在在中微子工厂执行该光束压缩。在此过程中，若鼻的随机侧向运动减少了，我们留下的纵向运动被称为冷却梁。执行冷却的系统称为冷却通道。第一阶段是构建一个能够生成灵恩梁的系统，该系统的大小和差异可以在进入冷却通道之前进行调整。这是在去年完成的，已经进行了测量，以表明梁具有小鼠执行所需测量的灵活性和强度。第二阶段是完成冷却通道本身的构造，并提供一个系统，以非常准确地测量通过冷却通道之前和之后，每个MUON的位置和动力。通过查看在许多不同条件下产生的许多兆子，可以确定该通道产生了多少冷却。在通道本身中，通过通过合适的材料（例如液体氢，液氦或氢化锂）来减慢μ子。随着它们的速度，他们纵向和横向横梁轴失去动力。然后，它们被高场射频腔加速，仅取代纵向动量。该实验正在突破材料，磁铁和冷却技术可能的边界，代表了粒子物理学家和加速器物理学家之间的协作，并将证明英国在科学和工程领先的实验中托管实验的能力。

项目成果

Multiple Coulomb scattering of muons in lithium hydride

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.092003
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: M. Bogomilov;R. Tsenov;G. Vankova-Kirilova;Y. Song;J. Tang;Z. H. Li-Z. H.-Li-2111274887;R. Bertoni;M. Bonesini;F. Chignoli;R. Mazza;V. Palladino;A. de Bari;D. Orestano;L. Tortora;Y. Kuno;H. Sakamoto;A. Sato;S. Ishimoto;M. Chung;C. Sung;F. Filthaut;M. Fedorov;D. Joković;D. Maletic;M. Savic;N. Jovančević;J. Nikolov;M. Vretenar;S. Ramberger;R. Asfandiyarov;A. Blondel;F. Drielsma;Y. Karadzhov;G. Charnley;N. Collomb;K. Dumbell;A. Gallagher;A. Grant;S. Griffiths;T. Hartnett;B. Martlew;A. Moss;A. Muir;I. Mullacrane;A. Oates;P. Owens;G. Stokes;P. Warburton;C. White;D. Adams;V. Bayliss;J. Boehm;T. Bradshaw;C. Brown;M. Courthold;J. Govans;M. Hills;J. Lagrange;C. Macwaters;A. Nichols;R. Preece;S. Ricciardi;C. Rogers;T. Stanley;J. Tarrant;M. Tucker;S. Watson;A. Wilson;R. Bayes;J. Nugent;F. Soler;R. Gamet;P. Cooke;V. Blackmore;D. Colling;A. Dobbs;P. Dornan;P. Franchini;C. Hunt;P. Jurj;A. Kurup;K. Long;J. Martyniak;S. Middleton;J. Pasternak;M. Uchida;J. Cobb;C. Booth;P. Hodgson;J. Langlands;E. Overton;V. Pěč;P. Smith;S. Wilbur;G. Chatzitheodoridis;A. Dick;K. Ronald;C. Whyte;A. Young;S. Boyd;J. R. Greis;T. Lord;C. Pidcott;I. Taylor;M. Ellis;R. Gardener;P. Kyberd;J. Nebrensky;M. Palmer;H. Witte;D. Adey;A. Bross;D. Bowring;P. Hanlet;A. Liu;D. Neuffer;M. Popovic;P. Rubinov;A. Demello;S. Gourlay;A. Lambert;D. Li;T. Luo;S. Prestemon;S. Virostek;B. Freemire;D. Kaplan;T. Mohayai;D. Rajaram;P. Snopok;Y. Torun;L. Cremaldi;D. Sanders;D. Summers;L. Coney;G. Hanson;C. Heidt

The MICE Muon Beam on ISIS and the beam-line instrumentation of the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/7/05/p05009
• 发表时间: 2012-03
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Mice Collaboration

Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/11/03/p03001
• 发表时间: 2015-11
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: D. Adams;A. Alekou;M. Apollonio;R. Asfandiyarov;G. Barber;P. Barclay;A. Bari;R. Bayes;V. Bayliss;R. Bertoni;V. Blackmore;A. Blondel;S. Blot;M. Bogomilov;M. Bonesini;C. Booth;D. Bowring;S. Boyd;T. W. Brashaw;U. Bravar;A. Bross;M. Capponi;T. Carlisle;G. Cecchet;C. Charnley;F. Chignoli;D. Cline;J. Cobb;G. Colling;N. Collomb;L. Coney;P. Cooke;M. Courthold;L. Cremaldi;A. Demello;A. Dick;A. Dobbs;P. Dornan;M. Drews;F. Drielsma;F. Filthaut;T. Fitzpatrick;P. Franchini;V. Francis;L. Fry;A. Gallagher;R. Gamet;R. Gardener;S. Gourlay;Alec Grant;J. R. Greis;S. Griffiths;P. Hanlet;O. M. Hansen;G. Hanson;T. L. Hart;T. Hartnett;T. Hayler;C. Heidt;M. Hills;P. Hodgson;C. Hunt;A. Iaciofano;S. Ishimoto;G. Kafka;D. Kaplan;Y. Karadzhov;Y. K. Kim;Y. Kuno;P. Kyberd;J. Lagrange;J. Langlands;W. Lau;M. Leonova;Derun Li;A. Lintern;M. Littlefield;K. Long;T. Luo;C. Macwaters;B. Martlew;J. Martyniak;R. Mazza;S. Middleton;A. Moretti;A. Moss;A. Muir;I. Mullacrane;J. Nebrensky;D. Neuffer;A. Nichols;R. Nicholson;J. Nugent;A. Oates;Y. Onel;D. Orestano;E. Overton;P. Owens;V. Palladino;J. Pasternak;F. Pastore;C. Pidcott;M. Popovic;R. Preece;S. Prestemon;D. Rajaram;S. Ramberger;M. Rayner;S. Ricciardi;T. Roberts;M. Robinson;C. Rogers;K. Ronald;P. Rubinov;P. Rucinski;H. Sakamato;D. Sanders;E. Santos;T. Savidge;P. Smith;P. Snopok;F. Soler;D. Speirs;T. Stanley;G. Stokes;D. Summers;J. Tarrant;I. Taylor;L. Tortora;Y. Torun;R. Tsenov;C. D. Tunnell;M. Uchida;G. Vankova-Kirilova;S. Virostek;M. Vretenar;P. Warburton;S. Watson;C. White;C. Whyte;A. Wilson;M. Winter;X. Yang;A. Young;M. Zisman

Measurements of muon multiple scattering in MICE

MICE 中 μ 子多重散射的测量

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/888/1/012212
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Conference Series
• 作者: Bayes R

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment User Software

μ子电离冷却实验用户软件

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/898/4/042054
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Conference Series
• 作者: Dobbs A