University of Sheffield Particle Physics Rolling Grant - ATLAS, ATLAS upgrade; GridPP, T2K, JPARC future programme; EURECA and R&D

谢菲尔德大学粒子物理滚动资助-ATLAS、ATLAS升级；

• 批准号: ST/H000917/2
• 负责人: Neil Spooner
• 金额: $ 837.64万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH000917%2F2
• 关键词: University; Sheffield; Particle; Physics; Rolling

Our research with the particle physics rolling grant at Sheffield attempts to progress understanding of some of the most important questions concerning the origins and make-up of the Universe. One of these big questions is to understand what gives fundamental particles their mass. Part of our work on the huge ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva is aimed at this question, in particular to see if the famous Higgs Boson particle exists. The best theories we have to explain particle mass predict that it should be there. We will play a key role in analysing the vast amount of data soon expected to make this exciting discovery. Another search at ATLAS will be to determine if the so-called supersymmetry (SUSY) theory is correct. This is our best prospect for understanding how particles interact at high energy and itself predicts a new class of particles. The concept states that for every known fundamental particle there exists a super-partner particle. We worked for many years developing the key silicon technology now installed in ATLAS to search for these particles. Now we are ready with our software to play a key role in analysing the data that will hopefully discover that they exist. One of the implications of SUSY theory is the likelihood that the most stable new particle, the so-called lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), probably is very abundant throughout the Universe, making up about 25% of its mass. This would easily explain one of the big mysteries in physics, the so-called Dark Matter seen by astronomers from its gravitational effects on stars and galaxies. Our group has pioneered techniques to search directly for dark matter particles in the laboratory and is participating in a new multi-national venture, EURECA. This will build a tonne-sized device using low temperature superconductors to perform a new search. We will contribute to the key aspect of how to shield the experiment from natural background particles, like muons. Another mystery in the Universe are the strange properties of its most abundant particle, the neutrino. This has only recently been found to have a small mass and to readily change form between three different 'flavours' while propagating through space. Details of this are not fully understood but it is known that if properly unravelled it might answer another big question, why there is so little anti-matter in the Universe. We are working on these questions through participation in the big international T2K neutrino beam experiments in Japan. We are building a key component of the detectors and will, within two years, start to analyse the data to unravel these issues. T2K probably will not do a full job, so we have instigated in the UK work on a new neutrino detector concept, based on liquid argon, contributing to the FJNE programme. We plan to build test devices to enable the next generation of neutrino experiments to follow T2K. This is linked also to our work on accelerator technology, MICE, where we are building test beam targets. This is a vital step towards the ultimate facility, a neutrino factory. We are working on key technology for this within the UKNF project. Finally, much of the hardware and computer code developed for these fundamental studies have great relevance well outside our main research. There are many examples, involving projects with a dozen UK companies. For instance, our work with Corus Ltd. on new techniques for neutron detection, has allowed development of new monitors to detect illicit transport of nuclear materials at ports. This will continue now and broaden into medical applications. Our dark matter work has produced a new national facility for underground science, the Boulby laboratory. Here we have started a new project on climate change, SKY, to explore the effect of comic rays on cloud formation.

我们对谢菲尔德的粒子物理滚动补助金的研究试图进一步了解有关宇宙起源和构成的一些最重要问题。这些大问题之一是了解是什么使基本粒子的质量。我们在日内瓦Cern大型强子撞机（LHC）的巨大Atlas实验方面的部分工作是针对这个问题的，特别是为了查看著名的Higgs Boson粒子是否存在。我们必须解释粒子质量的最好的理论预测应该存在。我们将在分析很快预期的大量数据中发挥关键作用。在地图集上的另一个搜索是确定所谓的超对称（SUSY）理论是否正确。这是我们理解颗粒在高能量上如何相互作用的最佳前景，并且本身可以预测一类新的粒子。该概念指出，对于每个已知的基本粒子，都存在一个超伴侣粒子。我们工作了多年，开发了现在安装在Atlas中的关键硅技术来搜索这些颗粒。现在，我们已经准备好使用软件来分析希望发现它们存在的数据中发挥关键作用。 Susy理论的含义之一是，最稳定的新粒子，即所谓的最轻质粒子（LSP）的可能性可能非常丰富，占其质量的25％。这可以很容易地解释物理学中的一个大谜之一，这是天文学家对恒星和星系的重力影响所看到的所谓暗物质。我们的小组拥有开创性的技术，可以直接在实验室中寻找暗物质颗粒，并正在参加新的跨国公司Eureca。这将使用低温超导体来构建吨尺寸的设备，以执行新的搜索。我们将为如何将实验避免使用天然背景颗粒（如若恩）的关键方面做出贡献。宇宙中的另一个谜团是其最丰富的粒子中微子的奇怪特性。直到最近才发现这有很小的质量，并且可以轻松地在三种不同的“风味”之间改变形式，同时在太空中传播。细节尚未完全理解，但众所周知，如果正确解开，它可能会回答另一个大问题，为什么宇宙中的反物质很少。我们正在通过参加日本的大型国际T2K中微子束实验来解决这些问题。我们正在建立检测器的关键组成部分，并将在两年内开始分析数据以解开这些问题。 T2K可能不会做得不完整，因此我们在英国促使基于Liquid Argon的新中微子探测器概念的工作，为FJNE计划做出了贡献。我们计划构建测试设备，以使下微中微子实验能够跟随T2K。这也与我们在构建测试光束目标的速度技术的工作中有关。这是迈向中微子工厂终极设施的至关重要的一步。我们正在UKNF项目中为此致力于关键技术。最后，为这些基本研究开发的许多硬件和计算机代码在我们的主要研究之外都具有很大的相关性。有很多例子，涉及与十二家英国公司的项目。例如，我们与Corus Ltd.的工作有关中子检测的新技术，使开发新的监视器可以检测到港口的非法运输核材料。现在将继续进行，并扩展到医疗应用中。我们的暗物质工作为布比实验室（Boulby Laboratory）生产了一个新的国家地下科学设施。在这里，我们开始了一个有关气候变化的新项目，Sky，以探索漫画射线对云形成的影响。

项目成果

Muon detector for the COSINE-100 experiment

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/13/02/t02007
• 发表时间: 2018-02-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Prihtiadi, H.;Adhikari, G.;Yong, S. H.
• 通讯作者: Yong, S. H.

Performance of the EDELWEISS-III experiment for direct dark matter searches

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/12/08/p08010
• 发表时间: 2017-06
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: E. Armengaud;Q. Arnaud;C. Augier;A. Benoit;L. Berg'e;T. Bergmann;J. Billard;T. Boissière;G. Brès;A. Broniatowski;V. Brudanin;P. Camus;A. Cazes;M. Chapellier;F. Charlieux;M. D. J'esus;L. Dumoulin;K. Eitel;D. Filosofov;N. Foerster;Nicolas Fourches;G. Garde;J. Gascon;A. Giuliani;M. Grollier;M. Gros;L. Hehn;S. Herv'e;G. Heuermann;V. Humbert;Y. Jin;A. Juillard;C. K'ef'elian;M. Kleifges;V. Kozlov;H. Kraus;V. Kudryavtsev;H. Le-Sueur;J. Lin;R. Maisonobe;M. Mancuso;S. Marnieros;A. Menshikov;X. Navick;C. Nones;E. Olivieri;P. Pari;B. Paul;D. Poda;E. Queguiner;M. Robinson;H. Rodenas;S. Rozov;V. Sanglard;B. Schmidt;S. Scorza;B. Siebenborn;D. Tcherniakhovski;L. Vagneron;M. Weber;E. Yakushev;X. Zhang;A. Zolotarova

Measurement of the cosmogenic activation of germanium detectors in EDELWEISS-III

EDELWEISS-III 中锗探测器的宇宙激活测量

• DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.03.006
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Astroparticle Physics
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Armengaud E

Initial performance of the COSINE-100 experiment

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5590-x
• 发表时间: 2018-02-06
• 期刊: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Adhikari, G.;Adhikari, P.;Yong, S. H.
• 通讯作者: Yong, S. H.

Measurements of carbon recoil scintillation efficiency and anisotropy in stilbene for WIMP searches with direction sensitivity

方向灵敏度 WIMP 搜索中二苯乙烯中碳反冲闪烁效率和各向异性的测量

• 作者: Spooner N.J.C.