PAthways of Chemicals Into Freshwaters and their ecological ImpaCts (PACIFIC)

化学品进入淡水的途径及其生态影响（太平洋）

• 批准号: NE/X015947/1
• 负责人: Daniel Read
• 金额: $ 103.8万
• 依托单位: UK CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX015947%2F1
• 关键词: PAthways; Chemicals; Into; Freshwaters; their

Manufactured chemicals are essential for the maintenance of public health, food production, and quality of life, including a diverse range of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care products. The use of these compounds throughout society has led to increasing concentrations and chemodiversity in the environment. Whilst there has been a focus on understanding the impacts of chemicals on a subset of freshwater biodiversity (particularly invertebrates and fish), we understand less about how chemical pollution impacts freshwater microbes. These microbial communities (the 'microbiome') number in the millions to billions of cells per milliliter of water or gram of sediment and form the most biodiverse and functionally important component of freshwater ecosystems. The biogeochemical and ecological functions delivered by freshwater microbes are essential to wider freshwater ecosystem health. The PAthways of Chemicals Into Freshwaters and their ecological ImpaCts (PACIFIC) project will focus on understanding the link between sources of anthropogenic chemicals and their pathways, fate and ecological impacts in freshwater ecosystems, with an emphasis on freshwater microbial ecosystems and the functions they perform. We will investigate the relationship between predicted diffuse and point source chemical pathways and measured chemical concentrations in water and sediments at locations across the Thames and Bristol Avon catchments, chosen to represent gradients of diffuse pollution sources. These locations will be chosen to coincide with Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTWs) to understand how sewage effluent contributes to chemical burden across these gradients. Liquid chromatography coupled with (high resolution) tandem mass spectrometry and QTOF (quadrupole Time-of-Flight) mass spectrometry will be used to perform targeted and untargeted profiling of chemical groups proven and suspected to impact freshwater ecology. A range of microbial community ecosystem endpoints will also be measured at each location to identify the impact of chemical exposure, including bacterial and fungal community composition via DNA sequencing, the expression of nutrient cycling and chemical stress and resistance genes, the production of extracellular enzymes involved with biogeochemical cycling, and the functional gene repertoire of whole microbial communities.We will perform experimental microcosm exposures on freshwater microbial communities, with increasing complexity and realism, deploying high-throughput screening to identify novel chemical groups (and their structural features) with the capacity to restructure these communities. Exemplar microbial community modifying chemicals will be investigated in more detail by applying cutting-edge molecular techniques to determine ecological exposure thresholds that represent different taxonomic and functional aspects of freshwater microbial ecosystems. Novel field-based mesocosms will be used to explore wastewater exposures in more realistic, but controlled settings, allowing us to explore how chemical pollution may interact with other ecological drivers such as nutrients and temperature, and how microbial responses scale up to higher trophic levels and alter ecosystem functioning.Spatially and temporally up-scaled models of diffuse and point source chemical pollution pathways will be combined with novel thresholds developed from the lab and field exposures, to determine chemical threats to freshwater microbes, supporting the development of tools for the better management of the risks of chemical pollution to freshwater ecosystem health. These will be combined with future hydrological, climate, and socio-economic scenarios, informed by responses in our experiments and co-developed with project collaborators, the Environment Agency, to explore future threats to microbial freshwater ecosystems and wider ecosystem health.

制造的化学品对于维持公共卫生，食品生产和生活质量至关重要，包括各种各样的药品，农药和个人护理产品。整个社会中这些化合物的使用导致环境中的浓度和化学多样性的增加。尽管一直着重于理解化学物质对淡水生物多样性（尤其是无脊椎动物和鱼类）的影响的影响，但我们对化学污染如何影响淡水微生物的影响却较少。这些微生物群落（“微生物组”）数百万至数十亿个毫升水或泥沙的细胞，并构成了淡水生态系统中最生物多样性和功能最重要的组成部分。淡水微生物提供的生物地球化学和生态功能对于更广泛的淡水生态系统健康至关重要。化学物质到淡水及其生态影响（Pacific）项目（Pacific）项目将集中在理解人为化学物质的来源及其途径，其途径，命运和生态影响之间的联系，重点是淡水微生物生态系统及其所执行的功能。我们将研究预测的扩散和点源化学途径与测量的泰晤士河和布里斯托尔雅芳集水区的水和沉积物中测量的化学浓度，被选为代表弥漫性污染源的梯度。这些位置将被选为与废水处理厂（wwtws）一致的，以了解污水废水如何在这些梯度中造成化学负担。液相色谱与（高分辨率）串联质谱法和QTOF（四极杆飞机时间）质谱法可用于对被证明的化学基团的有针对性和无靶向分析，并怀疑影响淡水生态学。还将在每个位置进行一系列微生物群落生态系统终点，以确定化学暴露的影响，包括通过DNA测序通过DNA测序，营养循环以及化学压力和抗性基因表达的细菌和真菌群落组成，对涉及的细胞外酶的产生，与生物体循环的实验性循环效果相关，并依赖于生物循环的型，并依赖于生物循环的效果。随着复杂性和现实主义的增加，对淡水微生物群落的暴露，部署高通量筛查，以识别新型化学群体（及其结构特征），具有重组这些社区的能力。示例性微生物群落将通过应用尖端的分子技术来确定代表淡水微生物生态系统的不同分类学和功能方面的生态暴露阈值来更详细地研究化学品。新型基于现场的中焦将用于探索更现实但受控的环境中的废水曝光，使我们能够探索化学污染如何与其他生态驱动因素相互作用，例如养分和温度，以及微生物的响应如何扩展到较高的营养水平，并在较高的营养级别上逐渐发展，并从空中和时间范围内进行了限制的范围，并限制了范围的范围，并限制了范围的范围，并限制了范围的范围，并限制了范围的范围。实验室和现场暴露，以确定对淡水微生物的化学威胁，支持开发工具，以更好地管理淡水生态系统健康的化学污染风险。这些将与未来的水文，气候和社会经济情景结合使用，并在我们的实验中的回应中得知，并与项目合作者环境机构共同开发，以探索对微生物淡水生态系统和更广泛的生态系统健康的未来威胁。