Defragmenting the fragmented urban landscape (DEFRAG)

对支离破碎的城市景观进行碎片整理 (DEFRAG)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/W002906/1
负责人：
Karl Evans
金额：
$ 63.98万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW002906%2F1
关键词：
Defragmenting fragmented urban landscape DEFRAG

项目摘要

The UK has an exciting opportunity to radically improve the urban environment through the government's commitment to the creation of more "green infrastructure" (GI) in our town and cities. It is recognised that urban GI delivers multiple benefits to nature and society, by increasing biodiversity, enhancing those ecosystem services (such as air quality improvement, removing carbon dioxide from the air, and reducing flood risk) and improving the health and wellbeing of urban residents by living and working in a biodiverse rich environment. This extends to the role that rivers, streams, canals and other water bodies also play - the "blue" infrastructure and both are heavily constrained by the built, "grey" infrastructure. Urban GI exists as a patchwork of fragments of varying size, shape and composition within intensely complex and fragmented landscapes. This makes the identification of key biological processes linking urban landscapes to multiple ecological functions very difficult. Connectivity between green fragments can have much larger effects on the relationship between ecological structure and functioning than simple patch sizes. There is thus a need to understand how patches and their connectivity alter biological communities and ecological functioning. A key challenge faced by planners when investing in Green and Blue Infrastructure is how this should be designed and configured, so that the interactions between the green-blue-grey infrastructures will most effectively deliver multiple benefits. We shall be working closely with the general public, local authorities, NGOs and local businesses as Project Partners throughout the lifetime of the project. Improved understanding of multiple benefits from greenspace (improved air quality and health outcomes, biodiversity, carbon storage, etc.) can help stimulate engagement with, and uptake of GI solutions at a local scale, by "co-designing" such interventions.The project will have six work packages:WP1 Site selection and spatial survey: determining the relationship between urban spatial configuration, air quality and soil moisture, and the influence on these of biodiversity and local meteorology using sites in Luton, Bedford and Milton Keynes.WP2 Urban Observatory GI manipulations: real world and controlled experiments to investigate the impact of interventions on air quality, water and biodiversity.WP3 Mechanistic Modelling of urban ecological networks: better understanding how urban fragmentation and structure influence: i) air purification services; and ii) cascading effects of urban structure, air pollution and water availability on urban trophic networks.WP4 Integrated Modelling to assess the effects of altered greenspace structure and management: development of Bayesian hierarchical models to (i) allow 'virtual' scenarios to assess to the effects of altered GI on air quality, water regulation and biodiversity; and (ii) provide information for inputs to other WPs.WP5 Barriers to effective GI interventions: understanding the barriers to successful implementation of GI and identifying enabling mechanisms.WP 6 Impact: engagement with key users and stakeholder groups to understand their requirements and so that new knowledge is transferred to critical decision makers.This project aims to deliver new knowledge on how urban form affects biodiversity, biological processes and ecosystem services derived from them. This information can be used to design healthier and more resilient urban environments through targeted interventions with green, blue, and grey infrastructures, while improving our understanding of current barriers to implementation. The work will focus on the interventions that improve air quality, enhance water management, and safeguard and enhance biodiversity.

英国有一个令人兴奋的机会，可以通过政府致力于在我们的城镇建立更多的“绿色基础设施”（GI）来从根本上改善城市环境。人们认识到，城市GI通过增加生物多样性，增强这些生态系统服务（例如改善空气，从空中删除二氧化碳以及降低洪水风险）来为自然和社会带来多种利益，并改善了在生物多样的富裕环境中生活和工作的健康和福祉。这扩展到了河流，流，运河和其他水体也发挥作用的作用 - “蓝色”基础设施，两者都受到内置的“灰色”基础架构的严格限制。城市gi是在强度复杂且零散的景观中的碎片，形状和成分不同的碎片。这使得将城市景观与多种生态功能联系起来的关键生物学过程非常困难。绿色碎片之间的连通性对生态结构与功能之间的关系具有更大的影响，而不是简单的斑块大小。因此，有必要了解斑块及其连通性如何改变生物群落和生态功能。计划人员在投资绿色和蓝色基础架构时面临的主要挑战是如何设计和配置，以便绿蓝色灰色基础架构之间的相互作用最有效地带来多种好处。在整个项目的一生中，我们将与公众，地方当局，非政府组织和地方企业紧密合作。通过“共同设计”此类干预措施，对绿地空间（改善空气质量和健康成果，生物多样性，碳存储等）的多种收益的了解可以帮助刺激与当地规模的GI解决方案的互动，并通过“共同设计”这样的干预措施来刺激和采用GI解决方案。该项目将对六个工作包进行六个工作套餐：WP1场地的选择和空间质量，并确定空间质量，空间质量，空中质量，空间质量，空中的质量，空中的质量，生物多样性和本地气象学使用Luton，Bedford和Milton Keynes的地点。WP2Urban observatory GI操纵：现实世界和受控实验，以研究干预措施对空气质量，水和生物多样性的影响。wp3的wp3机械模型的城市生态网络：更好地理解城市脆弱性和结构如何影响城市的空气纯化服务：I）空气纯化服务； ii）城市结构，空气污染和水的可用性对城市营养网络的级联影响。WP4综合建模，以评估改变绿色空间结构和管理的影响：贝叶斯层次模型的开发到（i）允许“虚拟”场景评估对空气质量，水质量调节和生物的影响的影响，以评估“虚拟”场景。（ii）为有效的GI干预提供了针对其他WPS.wp5的输入的信息：了解成功实施GI的障碍并确定促进机制。WP6 Impact：与主要用户和利益相关者群体的交往，以了解其要求，并了解他们的需求，从而将新知识转移给了对生物的新知识，从而促进了对urban的新知识的影响，从而使您的生物群体受到新的影响。这些信息可用于通过针对绿色，蓝色和灰色基础架构的有针对性的干预措施来设计更健康，更有弹性的城市环境，同时提高我们对当前实施障碍的理解。这项工作将集中于改善空气质量，增强水管理以及保护和增强生物多样性的干预措施。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（2）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Biodiversity and environmental stressors along urban walking routes

DOI：
10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127951
发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
影响因子：
0
作者：
Briony A. Norton;M. Mears;Ph. Warren;G. Siriwardena;K. E. Plummer;Tim Turner;S. Hancock;Darren R. Grafius;K. Evans
通讯作者：
Briony A. Norton;M. Mears;Ph. Warren;G. Siriwardena;K. E. Plummer;Tim Turner;S. Hancock;Darren R. Grafius;K. Evans

Greater local cooling effects of trees across globally distributed urban green spaces

全球分布的城市绿地中的树木具有更大的局部降温效果