Tracking relevant nanomaterial transformations, exposure, uptake and effects in freshwater and soil systems

跟踪淡水和土壤系统中相关纳米材料的转化、暴露、吸收和影响

• 批准号: NE/N006178/1
• 负责人: Tamara Susan Galloway
• 金额: $ 42.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN006178%2F1
• 关键词: Tracking; relevant; nanomaterial; transformations; exposure

Nanomaterials (NM) are very small particles much less than the width of a human hair. They are synthesised to provide different properties from larger forms of the same material and they are now used in a wide range of products. The properties that NMs provide include enhanced strength, an ability to reflect light or to react with other chemicals, and efficient electrical conductance. The value of NM is now very widely recognised and many companies are starting to use them in common consumer products, such as sunscreens and cosmetics, plus industry products, such as fabrics and building materials. This means that small quantities of NMs will reach the wider environment from everyday product use.A great deal of recent research has gone into assessing the safety of NMs for humans and the environment. Most of these studies have looked at NMs in their newly-manufactured forms. It is increasingly apparent, however, that once NMs are released into the wider environment, they do not stay in their manufactured state - they change or 'transform'. Transformations can affect NM size, charge, their surface coatings and their ability to bind to other things such as soil particles or other chemicals. Transformations occur both during transfer to the environment (e.g. via sewage works) and once NMs reach the wider environment itself (rivers, sediments and soils). It is of huge importance that we understand the transformation processes and environmental fate(s) of NMs as they can affect their toxicity to humans and the environment. The aim of this project is to study these NM transformations in more detail. We want to better understand whether different types of NMs are transformed in the same or different ways. We will conduct our work with different types of NMs, including those made from silver, titanium dioxide, polystyrene (a type of plastic) and graphene (a type of carbon). We will first use laboratory methods that mimic the ways that NMs are changed during sewage treatment and in natural waters and soils to create the transformed materials that we will then study. We will test how these new and changed NMs affect a range of common aquatic and soil organisms and contrasting their toxicity in their "pristine" state with that after they have been transformed in the environment for different times. During our tests, we will measure how much of each material is taken up by the organisms into different tissues and whether this affects how they grow and reproduce. We will also measure the activity of different genes that are likely to be affected as organisms take up different NMs. We predict that each NM will be transformed in a way that changes its likelihood to cause harmful effects. Each test will be repeated using different soils and waters typically found across the UK, to determine how transformations vary under different conditions.Finally, we will build custom-made, large exposure systems ('mesocosms') designed to mimic the rivers into which sewage works discharged and soils upon which sludge is spread, and populate them with a wide range of common UK native plants, invertebrates and fish (in the waters). By following these mesocosms for several months, we can simulate what may actually be happening in real UK environments in terms of the fate and effects of our transformed NMs. We will use the results to improve models able to predict how our transformed NMs will behave and the effects they will have. Taken together, our results should help us to predict the toxicity of NMs to help assure their safety, supporting the growth of the nanotechnology industry into the future. To this latter end we will run and coordinate a UK Nano-Academics & Regulators Platform, and will also present our results through major European Union (NanoSafety Cluster) and worldwide (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Discussion) policy working groups, as well as to the public, so reaching as wide an audience as possible.

纳米材料（NM）是非常小的颗粒，远小于人类头发的宽度。它们被合成以提供与较大形式的相同材料不同的特性，并且它们现在被用于广泛的产品中。 NM 提供的特性包括增强的强度、反射光或与其他化学物质反应的能力以及高效的电导率。 NM 的价值现已得到广泛认可，许多公司开始将其用于普通消费品，如防晒霜和化妆品，以及工业产品，如织物和建筑材料。这意味着少量的 NM 会通过日常产品使用而进入更广泛的环境。最近的大量研究都在评估 NM 对人类和环境的安全性。这些研究中的大多数都着眼于新制造的纳米材料。然而，越来越明显的是，一旦 NM 被释放到更广泛的环境中，它们就不会停留在制造状态 - 它们会发生变化或“转变”。转变会影响纳米材料的尺寸、电荷、表面涂层以及与土壤颗粒或其他化学物质等其他物质结合的能力。转化发生在转移到环境的过程中（例如通过污水处理厂）以及一旦纳米物质到达更广泛的环境本身（河流、沉积物和土壤）。了解 NM 的转化过程和环境命运非常重要，因为它们会影响其对人类和环境的毒性。该项目的目的是更详细地研究这些 NM 转换。我们希望更好地了解不同类型的 NM 是否以相同或不同的方式进行转换。我们将使用不同类型的纳米材料开展工作，包括由银、二氧化钛、聚苯乙烯（一种塑料）和石墨烯（一种碳）制成的纳米材料。我们将首先使用实验室方法模拟污水处理过程中以及天然水体和土壤中 NM 的变化方式，以创建我们随后研究的转化材料。我们将测试这些新的和改变的 NM 如何影响一系列常见的水生和土壤生物，并将它们在“原始”状态下的毒性与在环境中经过不同时间转变后的毒性进行对比。在我们的测试中，我们将测量每种材料被生物体吸收到不同组织中的量，以及这是否会影响它们的生长和繁殖。我们还将测量当生物体吸收不同的 NM 时可能受到影响的不同基因的活性。我们预测，每个 NM 都会发生转变，从而改变其造成有害影响的可能性。每项测试都将使用英国各地常见的不同土壤和水域进行重复，以确定不同条件下的转化如何变化。最后，我们将构建定制的大型暴露系统（“中宇宙”），旨在模仿污水流入的河流排放的工程和污泥散布的土壤，并在其中种植各种常见的英国本土植物、无脊椎动物和鱼类（在水域中）。通过对这些中宇宙进行几个月的跟踪，我们可以模拟英国真实环境中实际发生的情况，以及我们改造后的 NM 的命运和影响。我们将利用这些结果来改进模型，以预测我们改造后的 NM 将如何表现以及它们将产生的影响。总而言之，我们的结果应该有助于我们预测纳米材料的毒性，以确保其安全性，支持纳米技术行业未来的发展。为此，我们将运行和协调英国纳米学术界和监管机构平台，还将通过主要的欧盟（纳米安全集群）和全球（经济合作与讨论组织）政策工作组展示我们的成果，以及公众，从而覆盖尽可能广泛的受众。

项目成果

Mitigating effect of organic matter on the in vivo toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in the marine environment

海洋环境中有机物对金属氧化物纳米颗粒体内毒性的缓解作用

• DOI: 10.1039/c8en00175h
• 发表时间: 2018-07-13
• 期刊: Environmental science. Nano
• 作者: Seta Noventa;D. Rowe;T. Galloway
• 通讯作者: T. Galloway

An engaged research study to assess the effect of a 'real-world' dietary intervention on urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels in teenagers.

一项旨在评估“现实世界”饮食干预对青少年尿双酚 A (BPA) 水平的影响的深入研究。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018742
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: BMJ open
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Galloway TS

Expanding exploration of dynamic microplastic surface characteristics and interactions

扩大动态微塑料表面特征和相互作用的探索

• DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115993
• 发表时间: 2020-09-01
• 期刊: Trends in Analytical Chemistry
• 作者: Stephen D. Burrows;Simona Frustaci;K. Thomas;T. Galloway
• 通讯作者: T. Galloway

Gold nanoparticles ingested by oyster larvae are internalized by cells through an alimentary endocytic pathway

牡蛎幼虫摄入的金纳米颗粒通过消化道内吞途径被细胞内化

• DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1487601
• 发表时间: 2018-07-11
• 期刊: Nanotoxicology
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Seta Noventa;Christian Hacker;Ana Correia;Claudia Drago;T. Galloway
• 通讯作者: T. Galloway

Marine microplastics.

海洋微塑料。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.043
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: CB
• 作者: Galloway T