Impact of hydraulic fracturing in the overburden of shale resource plays: Process-based evaluation (SHAPE-UK)

水力压裂对页岩资源区覆盖层的影响：基于过程的评估 (SHAPE-UK)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R018006/1
负责人：
James Verdon
金额：
$ 57.94万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR018006%2F1
关键词：
Impact hydraulic fracturing overburden shale

项目摘要

In recent years, the UK has made significant progress in establishing renewable sources of energy. Solar, wind, biomass and hydro have seen a steady rise in use over the past decade, having gone from providing less than 5% of our electricity in 2004 to nearly 25% in 2016 (DBEIS, 'DUKES' - chapter 6, 2017). Nevertheless, natural gas will continue to be an important fuel in a transition to a carbon neutral supply of electricity. Furthermore, natural gas currently heats roughly 80% of our homes in the UK, and provides an important industrial feedstock. As North Sea gas reserves decline, the UK has in a decade gone from a position of self-sufficiency to importing over 50% of its natural gas. Therefore, for reasons of energy security, affordability and environmental impact, it is desirable to increase domestic gas supplies until we reach a point where carbon neutral energy sources are better established (e.g., nuclear). Shale gas and shale oil has transformed the World's energy market, contributing to the reduction of world oil prices and the USA becoming self-sufficient in both gas and oil. Furthermore, CO2 emissions in the USA are back to levels last seen in the early 1990s, because electricity generation has moved from coal- to gas-fired power stations. However, the move to shale gas has not been without controversy. Shale gas resources normally require hydraulic fracture stimulation - or fracking - in order to achieve production at economic rates. This technique is contentious due to public fears over a range of issues, including ground water contamination, induced seismicity, atmospheric emissions and ground subsidence. In November 2017 the UK will see its first shale gas stimulation in over 6 years, which will occur in the Vale of Pickering, North Yorkshire. The UK has a strict regulatory framework for shale gas exploitation, which requires close monitoring of any fluid leakage, fracture growth and induced seismicity associated with fracking. To achieve this requires a detailed understanding of local geology, and robust means of sensing fluid movement and stress changes before, during and after stimulation (e.g., geophysical monitoring). SHAPE-UK is a project that will establish a series of best practice recommendations for monitoring and mitigating fluid leakage into the overlying sediments and close to boreholes. To accomplish this, it is crucial that we understand the mechanical processes occurring in the subsurface, which are dependent on the composition of the rock, the chemistry of the fluids, and the structures they encounter (e.g., faults). Through a linked series of work packages that integrate geology, geophysics, geochemistry, petroleum engineering and geomechanics, we will be able to address fundamental scientific questions about the mechanisms for leakage, and how the leaking fluids might affect the sub-surface environment. A team of leading experts from a range of disciplines at 6 institutions has been assembled to address 'coupled processes from the reservoir to the surface' - Challenge 3 of the NERC call for proposals in the strategic programme area of Unconventional Hydrocarbons in the UK Energy System. We will exploit newly acquired data from the UK Geoenergy Observatory near Thornton in Cheshire. We are also very fortunate to have access to seismic, borehole and geologic data from a new shale gas development in North Yorkshire and a dataset from a mature shale gas resource in Western Canada. Our project partners include regulatory bodies who monitor ground water and seismicity during shale gas operations. The team has access to several comprehensive datasets and are thus in a very strong position to answer fundamental science questions associated with shale gas stimulation, which will provide a firm foundation for an effective regulatory policy. We expect this project to be a role model study for future developments in the UK and internationally.

近年来，英国在建立可再生能源方面取得了重大进展。在过去的十年中，太阳能，风能，生物量和水力一直在使用稳步上升，从2004年提供的不到5％的电力到2016年的近25％（DBEIS，“ DUKES” - 2017年第6章）。然而，在过渡到碳中和电力供应的过渡中，天然气将继续成为重要的燃料。此外，目前，天然气在英国供应我们大约80％的房屋，并提供重要的工业原料。随着北海天然气储量的下降，英国在十年中已经从自给自足的位置到进口其天然气的50％以上。因此，出于能源安全，负担能力和环境影响的原因，希望增加家庭天然气供应，直到我们达到更好地确定碳中性能源的地步（例如核能）。页岩气和页岩油已改变了世界的能源市场，导致世界石油价格的降低以及美国在天然气和石油方面变得自给自足。此外，美国的二氧化碳排放量恢复了1990年代初期的最后水平，因为发电已经从燃煤转移到气体电站。但是，向页岩气的转变并非没有争议。页岩气资源通常需要液压裂缝刺激或压裂，以便以经济速度实现生产。由于公众对各种问题的担忧，包括地下水污染，诱发地震性，大气排放和地面沉降，因此这项技术引起了争议。 2017年11月，英国将在6年内看到其首次刺激页岩气刺激，这将发生在北约克郡Pickering的山谷。英国有一个严格的调节框架，用于剥削页岩气体，需要密切监测与压裂相关的任何流体泄漏，断裂生长和诱导的地震性。为此，需要对局部地质的详细理解，以及在刺激之前，之中和之后（例如，地球物理监测）感应流体运动和压力变化的鲁棒方法。 Shape-UK是一个项目，该项目将建立一系列最佳实践建议，以监测和减轻液体泄漏到上覆的沉积物并靠近钻孔。为此，至关重要的是，我们了解在地下中发生的机械过程，这些过程取决于岩石的组成，流体的化学性质及其遇到的结构（例如故障）。通过将地质，地球物理学，地球化学，石油工程和地球力学整合的一系列链接的工作包，我们将能够解决有关泄漏机制的基本科学问题以及泄漏液体如何影响地下表面环境。已经组装了来自6个机构的一系列学科的一群领先的专家团队，以解决“从水库到地面的耦合过程” - NERC的挑战3呼吁在英国能源系统中非常规烃的战略计划领域提出建议。我们将利用柴郡桑顿附近的英国地球工程天文台的新获取数据。我们也很幸运能够从北约克郡的新页岩气开发和加拿大西部成熟页岩气资源的数据集中获得地震，钻孔和地质数据。我们的项目合作伙伴包括在页岩气操作过程中监视地下水和地震性的监管机构。该团队可以访问几个综合数据集，因此处于非常强大的立场，可以回答与页岩气刺激相关的基本科学问题，这将为有效的监管政策提供牢固的基础。我们希望该项目成为英国和国际发展的未来发展的榜样研究。