Single Turnover Active Fluorometry of Enclosed Samples for Autonomous Phytoplankton Productivity (STAFES-APP)

用于自主浮游植物生产力的封闭样品的单周转活性荧光测定（STAFES-APP）

• 批准号: NE/P020828/1
• 负责人: Matt Mowlem
• 金额: $ 22.79万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP020828%2F1
• 关键词: Single; Turnover; Active; Fluorometry; Enclosed

Primary production by unicellular photosynthetic organisms, collectively called phytoplankton, is a crucial component of oceanic ecosystems and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the oceans. Moreover phytoplankton are responsible for around half the photosynthesis on Earth and hence their activity is also a major component of the global carbon cycle. Current techniques and technologies for the measurement of phytoplankton primary production inadequately resolve many of the spatio-temporal scales over which this crucial ecosystem and biogeochemical process varies, limiting our understanding and ability to model the dynamics of this process now and in the future. Moreover all currently available measurement techniques for primary production are prone to considerable methodological errors, including protocol dependent variability (precision) and differences between techniques concerning what precisely they measure and how well the measure it (accuracy). The ability to measure phytoplankton productivity in situ in the ocean using robotic observation platforms, so-called marine autonomous systems (MAS), would represent a step change in our ability to monitor and understand phytoplankton productivity from some of the smallest scales of variability up to the oceanic basin scales which represent some of the largest ecosystems and greatest ecological gradients on the planet. The current proposal thus aims to develop a MAS deployable system for the measurement of phytoplankton primary production. Autonomous measurements of phytoplankton primary production represent a considerable challenge, as the majority of techniques currently available cannot readily be adapted to MAS observational platforms. In this proposal we propose to take advantage of a useful characteristic of phytoplankton to provide the means to measure primary production. Specifically, a proportion of any light shone onto the green pigment chlorophyll, which is a fundamental component of the photosynthetic apparatus, will be re-emitted as fluorescence at a distinct wavelength. The intensity and dynamics of this emitted fluorescence can be quantitatively related to the amount of photosynthesis taking place. Consequently, through the careful design of measurement systems, protocols and data analysis techniques it is possible to derive the rate of photosynthesis using the fluorescence which is emitted as a by-product of the process. Use of such techniques has been investigated for a number of decades. However it is only recently that both enhanced technological capabilities, including reduced power requirements and high quality multi-spectral optics, combined with improved theoretical understanding, including new measurement and data analysis protocols, have combined to put us in a position where we can realistically employ such 'active chlorophyll fluorescence' as a robust autonomous measure of phytoplankton primary production. We thus aim to design, build, test, deploy and verify a novel measurement system which takes advantage of these advances to facilitate new measurements of phytoplankton productivity across multiple platforms and in the address of wide-ranging scientific challenges.

单细胞光合生物的一级生产，统称为浮游植物，是海洋生态系统和海洋中碳的生物地球化学循环的关键组成部分。此外，浮游植物负责地球上光合作用的一半，因此它们的活性也是全球碳循环的主要组成部分。当前测量浮游植物初级生产的技术和技术不足地解决了许多时空量表，在这些时空尺度上，这种关键的生态系统和生物地球化学过程都会有所不同，从而限制了我们现在和将来对这一过程的动态模型的理解和能力。此外，目前用于初级生产的所有可用的测量技术都容易出现可观的方法论错误，包括方案依赖性变异性（精度）以及有关其精确测量的技术之间的差异以及量度如何（准确性）。使用机器人观察平台（所谓的海洋自主系统（MAS））测量植物浮游生物生产力的能力将代表我们监视和理解植物浮游生物生产力的能力，从某些最小的变异性量表从某些最小的变异性量表中，直至海洋盆地量表，直至代表最大的生态学阶段，并具有最大的生态学毕业。因此，当前的提案旨在开发一种可部署系统，以测量浮游植物初级生产。浮游植物初级生产的自主测量是一个巨大的挑战，因为当前可用的大多数技术无法轻易地适应MAS观察平台。在此提案中，我们建议利用浮游植物的有用特征，以提供衡量初级生产的手段。具体而言，在光合作用设备的基本组成部分上，任何光的一部分光照射到绿色颜料叶绿素上，将在不同的波长下重新散发为荧光。这种发出的荧光的强度和动力学可能与发生的光合作用量有关。因此，通过仔细设计测量系统，协议和数据分析技术，可以使用作为该过程的副产品发射的荧光来得出光合作用速率。数十年来研究了这种技术。然而，直到最近，增强的技术能力（包括功率需求降低和高质量的多光谱光学器件）以及改进的理论理解（包括新的测量和数据分析协议）都将我们现实地采用这种现实的“活跃氯水荧光”作为强大的自动含量的植物性生产，将我们置于一个位置上。因此，我们旨在设计，建立，测试，部署和验证一种新型的测量系统，该系统利用这些进步来促进跨多个平台的浮游植物生产力的新测量，并在广泛的科学挑战方面进行了解决。

项目成果

Dynamic variability of the phytoplankton electron requirement for carbon fixation in eastern Australian waters

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.103252
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Marine Systems
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: D. J. Hughes;J. Crosswell;M. Doblin;K. Oxborough;P. Ralph;Deepa Varkey;D. Suggett

Roadmaps and Detours: Active Chlorophyll- a Assessments of Primary Productivity Across Marine and Freshwater Systems.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03488
• 发表时间: 2018-09
• 期刊: Environmental science & technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: David J. Hughes;Douglas Campbell;M. Doblin;J. Kromkamp;Evelyn Lawrenz;C. M. Moore;K. Oxborough;O. Prášil;Peter J. Ralph;Marco F. Alvarez;D. Suggett