SoilBioHedge: harnessing hedgerow soil biodiversity for restoration of arable soil quality and resilience to climatic extremes and land use changes

SoilBioHedge：利用树篱土壤生物多样性恢复耕地土壤质量和抵御极端气候和土地利用变化的能力

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M017044/1
负责人：
Jonathan Leake
金额：
$ 84.92万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017044%2F1
关键词：
SoilBioHedge harnessing hedgerow soil biodiversity

项目摘要

Only 30% of Earth's surface is land, only 9% is cultivated, and there is little scope for future expansion. The supply of water and nutrients from soil to crops in approximately 7800 km3 of topsoil (to 0.5 m) currently sustains 7 billion humans. This soil resource is the essential foundation of arable farming on which plant production for food, fiber and biofuels, and ultimately the entire global economy depends. How we manage this vital, life sustaining, resource will determine the quality of life and Earth's carrying capacity for future generations. SoilBioHedge addresses the central problem for soil security: continuous conventional arable cultivation depletes soil organic matter, degrades soil structure, reduces water drainage and water holding capacity, and increases the susceptibility of soil and crops to the impacts of climatic stress through decreased resilience to flood and drought conditions.We will test our central hypothesis: grass-clover leys sown into arable fields and connected to hedgerows and unploughed grassy margins enable key ecosystem-engineers (earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi) to recolonize the fields, restoring and improving soil quality compared to leys unconnected to field margins. We will determine for the first time the importance of connectivity from biodiversity refugia under hedgerows to arable fields via grass-clover leys in restoring functional biodiversity. We will quantify soil quality as functional benefits from soil-organism interactions: increases in soil organic matter, water-stable macroaggregates, water holding capacity, infiltration rates, drought and flood resilience, and resulting crop yields. We will quantify the operational temporal and spatial scales for ecosystem engineers (grass-clover roots, AM fungi, and earthworms) and soil functions to synergistically develop with land use and management change. We will transform mechanistic understanding of soil structure dynamics by combined metabolomics and metagenomic analyses tracking soil aggregate formation over 3 growing seasons. Our research design includes three nested scales of observation. 1) Hedge-to-Field Experiments at Leeds U. farm to quantify spatial/temporal changes in soil functions and biodiversity, arising from arable-to-ley conversion strips that are disconnected or connected to the field margin, and across a whole field converted to arable in 2012, and ley-to-arable conversion using conventional vs. minimal tillage strips and a field that converted to ley in 2009. Monolith mesocosm studies will use turf blocks removed from the experimental plots, treated with herbicide and direct drilled with wheat. We will compare crop yields between the field and monoliths maintained at near-ambient conditions, under simulated drought and excess rainfall causing flooding. The results will quantify soil quality and the resilience of the crop and soil organisms and functions to these stresses. 2) Landscape-Scale Hedge-to-Field Transects will quantify soil functional changes on long-term arable fields and pairs of arable fields converted to ley over 2 differing time scales. We will utilize our network of >100 farms that provide a range of soil types, and management (conventional, organic, and minimal tillage). 3) Field-to-Landscape Scale mathematical modelling to establish an integrative and predictive spatiotemporal model of soil quality change at field-to-landscape-scale, including the role of dispersal of hedgerow and field margin biodiversity into arable land resulting from land use and management change involving leys. We will integrate mechanistic understanding of soil aggregation and carbon accumulation through the synergistic actions of roots, AM, and earthworms from our experiments and landscape-scale transect observations with existing Countryside Survey data and national digital soil map, to deliver a step-change in understanding for sustainable soil management policy and practice.

地球表面只有30％是土地，只有9％的耕种，而将来的扩张空间几乎没有。目前约有7800 km3的表土（至0.5 m），从土壤到农作物的水和养分的供应目前为70亿人。这种土壤资源是可耕种的基础，以粮食，纤维和生物燃料生产植物，最终取决于整个全球经济。我们如何管理这种至关重要的，维持生命，资源将决定生命质量和地球的承载能力。土壤BioHeedde解决了土壤安全的中心问题：连续的常规耕地耗尽了土壤有机物，降低了土壤结构，降低了水的排水和水的容量，并增加了土壤和农作物对气候压力的易感性和农作物的影响，从而通过对洪水造成的韧性降低了灾难和洪水的影响。与未连接到田间边缘的LEY相比，保证金可以使关键的生态系统工程师（earth和Mycorrhizal Fungi）重新殖民，从而恢复和改善土壤质量。我们将首次确定从树篱下的生物多样性避难所到恢复功能性生物多样性的耕地的重要性。我们将根据土壤有机相互作用的功能益处来量化土壤质量：土壤有机物的增加，水稳定的大型凝集物，水位持有能力，浸润率，干旱和洪水弹性以及由此产生的作物产量。我们将量化生态系统工程师（草皮根，AM真菌和earths）和土壤功能的生态系统工程师的操作时间和空间尺度，以随着土地使用和管理的变化而协同发展。我们将通过组合代谢组学和宏基因组分析来改变对土壤结构动态的机械理解，从而在3个生长季节中跟踪土壤骨料形成。我们的研究设计包括三个嵌套观察量表。 1) Hedge-to-Field Experiments at Leeds U. farm to quantify spatial/temporal changes in soil functions and biodiversity, arising from arable-to-ley conversion strips that are disconnected or connected to the field margin, and across a whole field converted to arable in 2012, and ley-to-arable conversion using conventional vs. minimal tillage strips and a field that converted to ley in 2009. Monolith mesocosm研究将使用从实验地块中取出的草皮块，用除草剂处理并直接用小麦钻孔。我们将比较田间的作物产量和在模拟的干旱和多余的降雨中保持近距离状态的整体造成的产量。结果将量化土壤质量以及作物和土壤生物的韧性以及对这些压力的功能。 2）景观尺度的树篱到田间样带将量化土壤功能变化的长期可耕地和成对的可耕地，在2个不同的时间尺度上转换为Ley。我们将利用> 100个农场的网络，这些网络提供一系列土壤类型和管理（常规，有机和最少的耕作）。 3）田间对地尺度数学建模，以建立田间到地尺度上土壤质量变化的综合和预测时空模型，包括赫奇洛（Hedgerow）和田间边缘生物多样性的分散作用，涉及土地利用和涉及Leys的管理层造成的土地。我们将通过我们的实验和景观规模的跨层次观测与现有的乡村调查数据和国家数字土壤图相结合对土壤聚集和碳积累的理解，从而对可持续土壤管理政策和实践提供了逐步改变，以逐步改变人们的理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within agricultural landscapes

DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.027
发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Holden, J.;Grayson, R. P.;Leake, J. R.
通讯作者：
Leake, J. R.

Circular economy fertilization: Testing micro and macro algal species as soil improvers and nutrient sources for crop production in greenhouse and field conditions

DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.049
发表时间：
2019-01-15
期刊：
GEODERMA
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Alobwede, Emanga;Leake, Jonathan R.;Pandhal, Jagroop
通讯作者：
Pandhal, Jagroop

Impact of fertiliser, water table, and warming on celery yield and CO2 and CH4 emissions from fenland agricultural peat.

DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.360
发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
0
作者：
Magdalena Matysek;J. Leake;S. Banwart;I. Johnson;S. Page;J. Kaduk;Alan Smalley;A. Cumming;D. Zona
通讯作者：
Magdalena Matysek;J. Leake;S. Banwart;I. Johnson;S. Page;J. Kaduk;Alan Smalley;A. Cumming;D. Zona

Soil quality regeneration by grass-clover leys in arable rotations compared to permanent grassland: Effects on wheat yield and resilience to drought and flooding