Controls on the stability of soils and their functioning under land use and climate change

土地利用和气候变化下土壤稳定性及其功能的控制

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M017028/1
负责人：
Richard Bardgett
金额：
$ 97.69万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017028%2F1
关键词：
Controls stability soils their functioning

项目摘要

Soils provide many functions for humans, including the storage of carbon and nutrient cycling, which are crucial for the production of food and mitigation of climate change. However, there is much concern that soils, and the functions that they provide, are being threatened by a range of pressures, including intensive farming methods and increased frequency of extreme climatic events, such as drought. Not only do these disturbances pose an immediate threat to the functioning of soils, but they could also impair their ability to resist and recover from further stresses that come in the future. Our project will tackle this problem by addressing two general questions: first, what makes a soil able to withstand and recover from disturbance events, such as drought, and, second how can we use this knowledge to ensure soils can buffer disturbances in the future? These are questions that have puzzled soil scientists for many years, but so far, remain unresolved. An area that offers much promise, however, in tackling this issue is food web ecology. Food webs are the networks of interactions describing who eats whom amongst the myriad organisms within an ecosystem. And in soil, they are the engine that drives the very processes of nutrient cycling and energy flow on which the functioning of soil and the terrestrial ecosystems they support, depend. It has been proposed for many years, but so far not fully tested in soil, that simple food webs are less able to withstand and recover from disturbance events, such as drought than complex ones. We want to test this theory in soil, which harbours some of the most complex, but also sensitive, food webs on Earth. We test the idea, through experiments and models, that the ability of a soil to withstand, recover and adapt to disturbance events depends on the architecture and diversity of the soil food web, which governs the rate of transfer of nutrients and energy through the plant-soil system. We also propose that soil disturbances associated with intensive land use, such as trampling and fertiliser addition, erode the very food web structures that make the soil system stable, thereby reducing the ability of soil to resist and recover from future disturbances, such as extreme weather events. We will also resolve what makes a food web stable, and test the roles of different types of organisms in soil, such as mycorrhizal fungi, which we believe play a major role. And finally, we will develop new models to help us better predict how soils will respond to future threats and to guide management decisions on sustainable soil management in a rapidly changing world. These question are at the heart of the NERC Soil Security programme which seeks to resolve what controls the ability of soils and their functions to resist, recover and ultimately adapt, to perturbations, such as those caused by land use and extreme climatic events.

土壤为人类提供许多功能，包括碳储存和养分循环，这对于粮食生产和缓解气候变化至关重要。然而，人们非常担心土壤及其提供的功能正受到一系列压力的威胁，包括集约化耕作方法和干旱等极端气候事件频率的增加。这些干扰不仅对土壤的功能构成直接威胁，而且还可能削弱土壤抵抗未来进一步压力和恢复的能力。我们的项目将通过解决两个一般性问题来解决这个问题：第一，是什么使土壤能够承受干旱等扰动事件并从中恢复；第二，我们如何利用这些知识来确保土壤能够缓冲未来的扰动？这些问题多年来一直困扰着土壤科学家，但迄今为止仍未得到解决。然而，在解决这个问题方面，一个有很大希望的领域是食物网生态。食物网是描述生态系统中无数生物体中谁吃谁的相互作用网络。在土壤中，它们是驱动养分循环和能量流过程的引擎，土壤及其支持的陆地生态系统的功能依赖于这些过程。人们多年来一直提出，但迄今为止尚未在土壤中进行充分测试，即简单的食物网比复杂的食物网更难以承受干旱等干扰事件并从中恢复。我们想在土壤中检验这一理论，土壤中蕴藏着地球上一些最复杂但也最敏感的食物网。我们通过实验和模型检验了这一观点，即土壤承受、恢复和适应干扰事件的能力取决于土壤食物网的结构和多样性，而土壤食物网控制着养分和能量通过植物的转移速率-土壤系统。我们还提出，与集约化土地利用相关的土壤扰动，例如践踏和添加肥料，会侵蚀使土壤系统稳定的食物网结构，从而降低土壤抵抗未来扰动和恢复的能力，例如极端天气事件。我们还将解决食物网稳定的原因，并测试土壤中不同类型生物的作用，例如我们认为发挥重要作用的菌根真菌。最后，我们将开发新模型，帮助我们更好地预测土壤将如何应对未来的威胁，并在快速变化的世界中指导可持续土壤管理的管理决策。这些问题是 NERC 土壤安全计划的核心，该计划旨在解决控制土壤及其功能抵抗、恢复和最终适应扰动（例如由土地利用和极端气候事件引起的扰动）的能力的问题。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Are researchers following best storage practices for measuring soil biochemical properties?

研究人员是否遵循测量土壤生化特性的最佳存储实践？

DOI：
10.5194/soil-2020-79
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Rhymes J
通讯作者：
Rhymes J

Soil microbial diversity-biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes.

DOI：
10.1038/s41396-021-00906-0
发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
The ISME journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Bastida F;Eldridge DJ;García C;Kenny Png G;Bardgett RD;Delgado-Baquerizo M
通讯作者：
Delgado-Baquerizo M

Intensive grassland management disrupts below-ground multi-trophic resource transfer in response to drought.

DOI：
10.1038/s41467-022-34449-5
发表时间：
2022-11-16
期刊：
Nature communications
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Chomel M;Lavallee JM;Alvarez-Segura N;Baggs EM;Caruso T;de Castro F;Emmerson MC;Magilton M;Rhymes JM;de Vries FT;Johnson D;Bardgett RD
通讯作者：
Bardgett RD

Microbial Biomass: A Paradigm Shift in Terrestrial Biogeochemistry