New approaches for the quantitative detection of human pathogenic viruses within the freshwater-marine continuum

淡水-海洋连续体中人类致病病毒定量检测的新方法

• 批准号: NE/M011577/1
• 负责人: Bernard Cosby
• 金额: $ 9.85万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM011577%2F1
• 关键词: New; approaches; quantitative; detection; human

Viruses pose one of the biggest threats to human wellbeing being responsible for numerous infections and millions of deaths worldwide each year. Most of these viral diseases are passed via the faecal-oral route in which contaminated food and water are frequently implicated in the primary infectivity phase. Although many of these infections are self-limiting, the societal and economic burden should not be underestimated. For example, Norovirus (NoV) is estimated to cause over 2 million cases of illness in the UK each year resulting in millions of days of lost productivity and an economic burden estimated to exceed £100 million to the NHS directly and over £2 billion annually to the wider economy. Worryingly, it is clear from a range of critical reviews that the burden of waterborne disease is likely to increase in Europe in response to climate change. This increasing problem is being exacerbated by increased pressure on wastewater infrastructure (due to population rise), sewer misconnections and a greater incidence of storms and flood events causing the release of untreated sewage (stormwater discharge) into river networks and the coastal zone. Considering the magnitude of the problem and the disease burden forecast for the near future, it is timely to develop new strategic approaches for mitigating against viral contamination and to develop new and improved risk assessment tools for protecting human health. In view of this, our proposal aims to address the critical need to develop and validate new tools for the detection and surveillance of human pathogenic viruses in freshwater, estuarine and coastal environments. Specifically, we will design and test experimental and modelling tools to permit the robust recovery and quantification of viral populations from contrasting matrices (e.g. seawater, freshwater, sediments, effluent, shellfish). These tools will be designed to capture the viral populations in both space and time. We will focus on viruses of strategic importance from a human health perspective (e.g. Norovirus, Sapovirus, Hepatitis A/E), however, these will be placed in a wider context via metavirome analysis of RNA and DNA viral communities. These techniques will be deployed and demonstrated at the catchment-to-coast scale whilst simultaneously answering fundamental questions about the temporal and spatial dynamics of viral flow. This knowledge will be used to validate next generation mathematical models capable of predicting viral flow through the river network and coastal zone. Combined, this information will be used with key stakeholders (e.g. Cefas) in the implementation of new methods and guidelines for assessing infection risk (e.g. in recreational waters, beaches & shellfisheries) and for protecting human health. Our proposal directly addresses the strategic aims of the NERC Environmental Microbiology and Human Health (EMHH) Programme. As requested by the call, we will provide "scientific evidence to support fast and efficient identification of pathogenic microorganisms in environmental media which can be used in appropriate tools and models for the protection of public health targeting the freshwater and coastal zone". The work is also directly relevant to the policy objectives and strategic aims of the Food Standards Agency, Defra and European Union (DG Sanco, and DG Mare).

病毒构成了对人类健康的最大威胁之一，每年在全球范围内导致许多感染和数百万次死亡。这些病毒疾病中的大多数通过粪途径通过，其中经常与原发性感染阶段有关。尽管其中许多感染是自限制的，但不应低估社会和经济伯恩。例如，据估计，诺如病毒（NOV）每年在英国造成超过200万例疾病，导致数百万天的生产率损失，经济负担估计直接向NHS造成了1亿英镑，而每年为广泛经济造成了超过20亿英镑的费用。令人担忧的是，从一系列批判性评论中可以明显看出，水传播疾病的负担可能会因气候变化而增加。由于废水基础设施的压力增加（由于人口的增加），下水道失误连接以及越来越多的暴风雨事件和洪水事件，导致未经处理的污水（雨水排放）释放到河流网络和沿海地区。考虑到该问题的幅度和伯恩在不久的将来的疾病预测，及时开发新的战略方法来减轻病毒污染，并开发新的和改进的风险评估工具来保护人类健康。鉴于这一点，我们的建议旨在满足开发和验证新工具以检测和监测淡水，河口和沿海环境中人类致病性病毒的重要需求。具体而言，我们将设计和测试实验和建模工具，以允许对对比物质（例如海水，淡水，沉积物，有效，贝类）的病毒种群进行稳健的恢复和定量。这些工具将旨在捕获空间和时间上的病毒群体。从人类健康的角度来看，我们将重点关注战略重要性的病毒（例如，诺如病毒，沙波病毒，乙型肝炎A/E），但是，通过对RNA和DNA病毒群落的Metavirome分析，这些病毒将被放置在更广泛的环境中。这些技术将在流域至海岸量表上进行部署和证明，同时对病毒流动的临时和空间动态进行了相当的回答。这些知识将用于验证能够通过河网和沿海地区预测病毒流动的下一代数学模型。合并，这些信息将与主要利益相关者（例如CEFA）一起使用，以实施评估感染风险的新方法和准则（例如，在娱乐水域，海滩和贝类鱼类中）和保护人类健康。我们的建议直接解决了NERC环境微生物学和人类健康（EMHH）计划的战略目标。按照呼叫的要求，我们将提供“科学证据，以支持环境媒体中快速有效地识别致病性微生物，可用于保护针对淡水和沿海地区的公共卫生的适当工具和模型”。这项工作也与食品标准局，Defra和欧盟（DG Sanco和DG Mare）的政策目标和战略目标直接相关。

项目成果

Viromic Analysis of Wastewater Input to a River Catchment Reveals a Diverse Assemblage of RNA Viruses.

• DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00025-18
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: mSystems
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Adriaenssens EM;Farkas K;Harrison C;Jones DL;Allison HE;McCarthy AJ
• 通讯作者: McCarthy AJ

Fate of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish and Water Impacted by Frequent Sewage Pollution Events.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01268
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: Environmental science & technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: C. J. Campos;J. Avant;Nicole E. Gustar;J. Lowther;A. Powell;L. Stockley;D. Lees