Calibrating novel palaeotemperature proxies in laboratory aquaria cultured long-lived Arctica islandica mollusc shells

校准实验室水族箱养殖的长寿北极软体动物壳中的新型古温度代理

• 批准号: NE/J012866/1
• 负责人: Leon Clarke
• 金额: $ 5.47万
• 依托单位: Manchester Metropolitan University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ012866%2F1
• 关键词: Calibrating; novel; palaeotemperature; proxies; laboratory

For the last approximately 200 years since the Industrial Revolution, human activity, primarily by burning of fossil fuels, has added carbon dioxide to planet Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas and increasing concentrations of this chemical compound in the atmosphere causes climate warming. Understanding the temporal and spatial response of Earth's climate system to changing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is a pressing issue for all of human society across the planet. One way to make such an assessment is to look back into the past and to reconstruct past temperature changes and to relate such variability to records of past atmospheric composition.Despite the significance of global warming, long instrumental records of changing seawater temperature in the past are not available for all of the geographical regions which interest climate scientists, or such instrumental records do not extend far enough back in time. Therefore, in order to place the most recent instrumental records of seawater temperature change in a longer temporal context, as well as to enable reconstruction of past seawater temperature where instrumental records do not exist, it is important to delve deeper into history by application of what is called a proxy-based temperature reconstruction approach. Elements and isotope ratios of some elements, when incorporated into calcium carbonate biominerals (including corals, mollusc shells and some plankton), have demonstrated potential to be used as the proxy means of reconstructing the magnitude and rates of change of seawater temperatures, for those time periods before the existence of instrumental records and for geographical regions where such instrumental records do not exist. Such an approach has long been applied to low latitude warm-water corals, since they form easily dated annual growth increments, but these organisms are restricted in distribution to the warm low latitudes.Arctica islandica is a marine bivalve mollusc that inhabits those middle to high latitude shelf seas that border the North Atlantic Ocean and individuals of this species have been shown to live for up to ~400 years. Furthermore, this organism (like a warm-water coral) deposits easily identified and dated annual shell growth increments, the composition of which has the potential to enable reconstruction of proxy-based records of past seawater temperature, on a calendar timescale (by counting annual growth increments from a known date of death), for the last few centuries and even for the last millennium (when shells of individuals are cross-correlated using the same approach as is applied to tree rings). However, to be able to generate these proxy-based records of past seawater temperature it is critically important that robust calibrations are derived, which document the strength of the relationship between the proxy measurement and seawater temperature, as well as identifying any limitations with any proxy. This detailed and systematic study will be the first use of specimens of A. islandica, which have already been cultured at constant seawater temperatures in laboratory aquaria, under controlled conditions, to derive calibrations for three novel temperature proxies. Such laboratory experiments are fundamental to the development of proxies for reconstructing past seawater temperatures, because such experiments allow for shell growth under controlled conditions. Once these calibrations have been determined the next step, in a follow-up project, will be to generate long time-series records of past seawater temperature change in different parts of the North Atlantic Ocean. Such records then will further climate scientist's understanding of the past and future evolution of climate in a geographical region which is of direct relevance to the UK and western Europe.

自工业革命以来的最后200年中，人类活动主要是通过燃烧化石燃料的燃烧，将二氧化碳添加到了地球的大气层中。二氧化碳是一种重要的温室气体，这种化合物在大气中的浓度增加会导致气候变暖。了解地球气候系统对不断变化的大气二氧化碳浓度的时间和空间反应是整个地球上人类社会的紧迫问题。进行这种评估的一种方法是回顾过去，重建过去的温度变化，并将这种可变性与过去的大气组成记录联系起来。尽管在全球变暖，长期的延长海水温度变化的长期记录的重要性中，对于所有的地理区域而言，对于气候科学家而言，没有足够的乐器记录在时间上不足以延长时间。因此，为了将海水温度变化的最新工具记录在较长的时间环境中，以及能够重建不存在工具记录的过去海水温度，重要的是要通过应用所谓的基于代理的温度重建方法来深入研究历史。当将某些元素的元素和同位素比纳入碳酸钙生物矿物质（包括珊瑚，软体动物壳和一些浮游生物）中时，已经证明有可能用作重建海水变化的幅度和变化速率的代理手段，即在存在工具和地理记录之前的时间段内。长期以来，这种方法一直应用于低纬度温暖的水珊瑚，因为它们很容易形成日期增长，但是这些生物在分配到温暖的低纬度地区的分配中受到限制。阿尔西卡岛（Arctica Islandica）是一种海洋双千瓦（Mollaine Bivalve Mollusc），它们居住在这些物种中居住到高纬度海岸的北大亚特大地海洋和个人已经显示为居住在北大亚特大地海洋中的高级货架，从而显示了〜400 0000年。此外，这种有机体（如温暖的水珊瑚）很容易识别和日期壳的增长，其组成有可能在日历时间表上重建过去的海水温度的基于代理的过去海水温度记录，这是在日历时间表上（通过死亡的已知日期，都在过去的几个千年之内（在过去的几个世纪中），在同一selle中（sells）是相互交叉的，这是在同一sells中的交叉。树环）。但是，为了能够生成这些基于代理的过去海水温度记录，得出可靠的校准至关重要，这记录了代理测量和海水温度之间关系的强度，并确定了任何代理的任何限制。这项详细而系统的研究将是a.岛的标本的首次使用，在受控条件下，已经在实验室水族馆的恒定海水温度上进行了培养，以得出三个新型温度代理的校准。这种实验室实验是重建过去海水温度的代理发展的基础，因为这种实验允许在受控条件下进行壳体生长。一旦确定了这些校准，下一步将在一个后续项目中产生长时间的序列记录，以了解北大西洋各地的过去海水温度变化。这样的记录随后将进一步气候科学家对与英国和西欧直接相关的地理区域中气候发展的过去和未来发展的理解。

项目成果

Marine (Bivalve) Mollusc Shell D47-Temperature Calibration Using the MIRA Mass Spectrometer

使用 MIRA 质谱仪进行海洋（双壳类）软体动物壳 D47 温度校准

• 作者: Clarke LJ

Bromine Distribution and Speciation within the Aragonite Shell of the Marine Mollusc Arctica islandica

北极海岛软体动物文石壳内的溴分布和形态

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Clarke L