Anaerobic quaternary amine degradation: from single bacterium to salt marsh ecosystem.

厌氧季胺降解：从单一细菌到盐沼生态系统。

• 批准号: NE/I025077/1
• 负责人: Stephen Archer
• 金额: $ 5.52万
• 依托单位: Plymouth Marine Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI025077%2F1
• 关键词: Anaerobic; quaternary; amine; degradation; single

Quaternary amines (QAs) such as glycine betaine (GBT) are ubiquitous in marine organisms. GBT is used by marine organisms as a compatible solute in response to changes in environmental conditions, such as increasing salinity, because GBT does not interfere with cell metabolism. QA compounds are frequently released into the ocean ecosystems due to environmental changes, such as viral attack and grazing. The degradation of these compounds, especially in intertidal coastal areas, contributes significantly to the production of climate-active trace gases. These include the potent greenhouse gas methane and volatile methylated amines, which are thought to be involved in cloud formation in the marine environment. Coastal sediments are estimated to contribute approximately 75% of the global oceanic methane emissions (8-13 Tg per year) and much of this is likely to be derived from the degradation of QAs. Although we know that microorganisms are mainly responsible for the degradation of GBT to methane and volatile methylamines, we know little about the genes and enzymes involved in the degradation pathway. Furthermore, the identity of those microorganisms responsible for the transformation has not yet been determined. Our current knowledge of these two aspects remains speculative, at least partially due to the lack of definitive research.This timely proposal aims to fill in this major gap in our knowledge of marine carbon cycle. Using cultivated model microorganisms, we aim to define the key genes and the encoding enzymes in the anaerobic degradation of GBT. Using molecular ecology techniques and the resultant data from the study of the model microorganisms, we aim to further determine the key microbial players involved in the anaerobic production of methane and methylamines from GBT in the marine environment. The work will generate novel knowledge about our understanding of microbial GBT transformations and will therefore fill in a serious gap in our knowledge of the marine carbon cycle.

Quaternary胺（QAS），例如甘氨酸甜菜碱（GBT）在海洋生物中无处不在。海洋生物使用GBT用作兼容溶质，以响应环境条件的变化（例如盐度增加），因为GBT不会干扰细胞代谢。由于环境变化，例如病毒攻击和放牧，质量检查化合物经常被释放到海洋生态系统中。这些化合物的降解，尤其是在潮间沿海地区，对气候活性痕量气体的产生产生了重大贡献。其中包括有效的温室气甲烷和挥发性甲基化胺，这些胺被认为与海洋环境中的云形成有关。据估计，沿海沉积物约占全球海洋甲烷排放量的75％（每年8-13 TG），其中大部分很可能源自QA的降解。尽管我们知道微生物主要导致GBT降解为甲烷和挥发性甲胺，但我们对参与降解途径的基因和酶知之甚少。此外，尚未确定那些负责转化的微生物的身份。我们目前对这两个方面的了解仍然是投机性的，至少部分是由于缺乏确定的研究。该及时的建议旨在填补我们对海洋碳循环的了解。使用培养的模型微生物，我们旨在定义GBT厌氧降解中的关键基因和编码酶。使用分子生态技术和模型微生物研究中的结果数据，我们旨在进一步确定海洋环境中GBT厌氧产生甲烷和甲基胺的关键微生物参与者。这项工作将产生有关我们对微生物GBT转化的理解的新知识，因此将填补我们对海洋碳循环的了解。

项目成果

Deltaproteobacteria (Pelobacter) and Methanococcoides are responsible for choline-dependent methanogenesis in a coastal saltmarsh sediment.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0269-8
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: The ISME journal
• 作者: Jameson E;Stephenson J;Jones H;Millard A;Kaster AK;Purdy KJ;Airs R;Murrell JC;Chen Y
• 通讯作者: Chen Y

Metagenomic data-mining reveals contrasting microbial populations responsible for trimethylamine formation in human gut and marine ecosystems.

• DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000080
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: Microbial genomics
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Jameson E;Doxey AC;Airs R;Purdy KJ;Murrell JC;Chen Y
• 通讯作者: Chen Y

Simultaneous Detection of Alkylamines in the Surface Ocean and Atmosphere of the Antarctic Sympagic Environment

• DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00028
• 发表时间: 2019-05-01
• 期刊: ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Dall'Osto, Manuel;Airs, Ruth L.;Simo, Rafel
• 通讯作者: Simo, Rafel