Does maternal life history strategy influence optimal management regimes for wild salmon?

母亲生活史策略是否会影响野生鲑鱼的最佳管理制度？

• 批准号: NE/I025182/1
• 负责人: Neil Metcalfe
• 金额: $ 45.55万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI025182%2F1
• 关键词: Does; maternal; life; history; strategy

Even within a single population, many organisms show marked variation between individuals in the timing of events such as the ages at which they metamorphose, reach sexual maturity and/or first reproduce. This variation can be linked to genetic differences among individuals and/or can be a consequence of differences in early environmental conditions that shape the rate of juvenile growth and development. While different rates of juvenile development can give rise to adults that appear, superficially at least, morphologically indistinguishable, the associated variation in the age at which they reach particular developmental stages can influence both the number and form of offspring they produce. Thus individuals with a relatively fast juvenile development may produce a different kind of offspring from those that developed more slowly. Such links between parental developmental rate and type of offspring they produce may or may not be adaptive. They could enable parents to adjust or 'program' their offspring to suit the conditions that the offspring are most likely to encounter during growth, as informed by the parents' own early life experience. Alternatively, parents that grew and developed slowly (because they were either in a low quality environment or poorly adapted to it) may be low quality adults, that then produce low quality offspring. However, as yet there has been little rigorous investigation of how offspring produced by parents with different early life trajectories actually perform in different environmental circumstances. Whether or not the offspring of particular parents are 'tailored' to particular environmental conditions is, in addition to being of great interest to evolutionary biologists, also of considerable importance in an applied context. Managers responsible for animal reintroduction and supplementation programmes need to know whether offspring from particular kinds of parents would perform better in some environments than in others. In wild fish management programmes, for example, variation in the previous life history of the parental broodstock is not currently taken into account when deciding where to release eggs or fry. This project, which is an application under NERC's Knowledge Transfer Partnership Scheme, involves a collaboration between fish biologists and managers to address this issue. It will be one of the first to test experimentally in the natural environment whether parental development rate in salmon influences the viability of their offspring under different environmental conditions - and, importantly, whether taking this into account can directly improve the success of re-stocking programmes. By using a series of experiments in which the fate of eggs from different kinds of female are evaluated in natural rivers, it will test whether female salmon that took longer when juveniles to reach the stage when they migrate to sea produce offspring that are best suited to less productive parts of a river catchment, such as areas of lower nutrient supply or higher altitude. It will then test whether use of this information can improve the methods that fishery managers use to supplement salmon populations by stocking out of eggs.

即使在一个人群中，许多生物体在事件的时机（例如它们变质，达到性成熟和/或首次繁殖的年龄）中也显示出明显的差异。这种差异可以与个体之间的遗传差异有关，并且可能是塑造少年生长和发育速率的早期环境条件中差异的结果。尽管不同的少年发育率可能会引起成年人至少在形态上无法区分的成年人，但达到特定发育阶段的年龄的相关变化可能会影响他们产生的后代的数量和形式。因此，具有相对快速的少年发育的人可能会产生与发展速度更慢的人不同的后代。他们产生的父母发育率和后代类型之间的这种联系可能是适应性的，也可能不会是适应性的。他们可以使父母能够调整或“编程”其后代，以适应后代在成长过程中最有可能遇到的条件，这是父母自己的早期生活经验所示。另外，成长和发展缓慢的父母（因为他们处于低质量的环境或适应不良的环境中）可能是低质量的成年人，然后产生低质量的后代。但是，到目前为止，几乎没有对具有不同早期轨迹的父母在不同环境环境中表现出不同的父母产生的后代。除了对进化生物学家的极大兴趣外，特定父母的后代是否“量身定制”了特定的环境条件，在应用环境中也非常重要。负责动物重新引入和补充计划的经理需要知道，在某些环境中，来自特定种类的父母的后代是否会比其他环境表现更好。例如，在野生鱼类管理计划中，目前在决定释放鸡蛋或炸鸡蛋时，目前尚未考虑到父母育雏的前一个生活史的差异。该项目是NERC知识转移伙伴关系计划的申请，涉及鱼类生物学家与经理之间的合作，以解决此问题。这将是最早在自然环境中进行实验测试的人之一，无论鲑鱼中的父母发展速度是否会在不同的环境条件下影响其后代的生存能力，而且重要的是，重要的是，考虑到这一点是否可以直接改善重新存储计划的成功。通过使用一系列实验，在天然河流中评估来自不同类型女性的卵的命运，它将测试雌性鲑鱼在少年迁移到海洋后代时花费更长的雌性鲑鱼是否最适合于河流流域的生产力较低，例如养分较低或养分较低的地区或高高的高度。然后，它将测试使用此信息是否可以改善渔业经理通过排出鸡蛋来补充鲑鱼种群的方法。

项目成果

Maternal age at maturation underpins contrasting behavior in offspring.

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw073
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
• 作者: Burton T;Robertsen G;Stewart DC;McKelvey S;Armstrong JD;Metcalfe NB
• 通讯作者: Metcalfe NB

Differences in diet-induced flexibility in morphology and growth in a partially migratory species

部分迁徙物种的饮食引起的形态和生长灵活性的差异

• DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0300
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Van Leeuwen T

Resource availability and life-history origin affect competitive behavior in territorial disputes

资源可用性和生活史起源影响领土争端中的竞争行为

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv163
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Van Leeuwen T

A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence.

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12468
• 发表时间: 2016-05
• 期刊: The Journal of animal ecology
• 作者: Kim SY;Metcalfe NB;Velando A
• 通讯作者: Velando A

Can environmental conditions experienced in early life influence future generations?

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0311
• 发表时间: 2014-06-22
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Burton T;Metcalfe NB
• 通讯作者: Metcalfe NB