Does maternal life history strategy influence optimal management regimes for wild salmon?

母亲生活史策略是否会影响野生鲑鱼的最佳管理制度？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I025182/1
负责人：
Neil Metcalfe
金额：
$ 45.55万
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI025182%2F1
关键词：
Does maternal life history strategy

项目摘要

Even within a single population, many organisms show marked variation between individuals in the timing of events such as the ages at which they metamorphose, reach sexual maturity and/or first reproduce. This variation can be linked to genetic differences among individuals and/or can be a consequence of differences in early environmental conditions that shape the rate of juvenile growth and development. While different rates of juvenile development can give rise to adults that appear, superficially at least, morphologically indistinguishable, the associated variation in the age at which they reach particular developmental stages can influence both the number and form of offspring they produce. Thus individuals with a relatively fast juvenile development may produce a different kind of offspring from those that developed more slowly. Such links between parental developmental rate and type of offspring they produce may or may not be adaptive. They could enable parents to adjust or 'program' their offspring to suit the conditions that the offspring are most likely to encounter during growth, as informed by the parents' own early life experience. Alternatively, parents that grew and developed slowly (because they were either in a low quality environment or poorly adapted to it) may be low quality adults, that then produce low quality offspring. However, as yet there has been little rigorous investigation of how offspring produced by parents with different early life trajectories actually perform in different environmental circumstances. Whether or not the offspring of particular parents are 'tailored' to particular environmental conditions is, in addition to being of great interest to evolutionary biologists, also of considerable importance in an applied context. Managers responsible for animal reintroduction and supplementation programmes need to know whether offspring from particular kinds of parents would perform better in some environments than in others. In wild fish management programmes, for example, variation in the previous life history of the parental broodstock is not currently taken into account when deciding where to release eggs or fry. This project, which is an application under NERC's Knowledge Transfer Partnership Scheme, involves a collaboration between fish biologists and managers to address this issue. It will be one of the first to test experimentally in the natural environment whether parental development rate in salmon influences the viability of their offspring under different environmental conditions - and, importantly, whether taking this into account can directly improve the success of re-stocking programmes. By using a series of experiments in which the fate of eggs from different kinds of female are evaluated in natural rivers, it will test whether female salmon that took longer when juveniles to reach the stage when they migrate to sea produce offspring that are best suited to less productive parts of a river catchment, such as areas of lower nutrient supply or higher altitude. It will then test whether use of this information can improve the methods that fishery managers use to supplement salmon populations by stocking out of eggs.

即使在单一种群内，许多生物体在个体之间的事件发生时间上也表现出显着差异，例如它们变态、达到性成熟和/或首次繁殖的年龄。这种变异可能与个体之间的遗传差异有关和/或可能是影响幼年生长和发育速度的早期环境条件差异的结果。虽然不同的幼体发育速度可能会产生至少在形态上无法区分的成年体，但它们达到特定发育阶段的年龄的相关变化可能会影响它们产生的后代的数量和形态。因此，幼年发育相对较快的个体可能会产生与发育较慢的个体不同类型的后代。亲本发育速度与其产生的后代类型之间的这种联系可能是适应性的，也可能不是适应性的。它们可以使父母根据父母自己的早期生活经历来调整或“编程”他们的后代，以适应后代在成长过程中最有可能遇到的条件。或者，成长和发育缓慢的父母（因为他们要么处于低质量的环境中，要么适应能力差）可能是低质量的成年人，从而产生低质量的后代。然而，迄今为止，对于具有不同早期生活轨迹的父母所生出的后代在不同环境条件下的实际表现还没有进行严格的调查。特定父母的后代是否“适合”特定的环境条件，除了对进化生物学家非常感兴趣之外，在应用背景中也相当重要。负责动物放归和补充计划的管理者需要知道特定类型父母的后代在某些环境中是否会比在其他环境中表现更好。例如，在野生鱼类管理计划中，在决定在何处释放鱼卵或鱼苗时，目前并未考虑亲本亲鱼先前生活史的变化。该项目是 NERC 知识转移合作伙伴计划下的一个应用程序，涉及鱼类生物学家和管理人员之间的合作来解决这个问题。这将是第一个在自然环境中进行实验的项目之一，测试鲑鱼亲本发育速度是否会影响其后代在不同环境条件下的生存能力，而且重要的是，考虑到这一点是否可以直接提高重新放养计划的成功率。通过一系列实验，评估不同种类雌性鲑鱼的卵在天然河流中的命运，以测试幼鱼需要更长的时间才能达到洄游到海洋阶段的雌性鲑鱼是否会产生最适合的后代。河流流域生产力较低的部分，例如养分供应较低或海拔较高的地区。然后，它将测试使用这些信息是否可以改进渔业管理者通过储存鱼卵来补充鲑鱼数量的方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Maternal age at maturation underpins contrasting behavior in offspring.

DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arw073
发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Burton T;Robertsen G;Stewart DC;McKelvey S;Armstrong JD;Metcalfe NB
通讯作者：
Metcalfe NB

Differences in diet-induced flexibility in morphology and growth in a partially migratory species

部分迁徙物种的饮食引起的形态和生长灵活性的差异