OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN NORMAL VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

正常视力发育中的 OMEGA-3 脂肪酸

• 批准号: 6052778
• 负责人: Eileen Elizabeth Birch
• 金额: $ 32.04万
• 依托单位: RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2004-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6052778
• 关键词: baby food; breast feeding; cognition; developmental neurobiology; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; evoked potentials; fatty acid metabolism; human subject; linolenate; longitudinal human study; newborn human (0-6 weeks); nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; premature infant human; retina; vision; visual perception; visual phototransduction

DESCRIPTION (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract): The fatty acid content of neural tissues in the brain changes throughout development, with progressive enrichment of phospholipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs), especially during the last pre-natal trimester and the first 6 months post-natal. Under optimal conditions, LCPs are supplied to the fetus via placental transfer and to the infant via breast-feeding post-natally. However, only 60% of U.S. newborns are breast-fed and 60-80% of breast-fed infants are weaned by 12 weeks of age. Formula feeding deprives infants of pre-formed LCPs since they are not provided in U.S. infant formulas. The last trimester of pre-natal development and the first year of life are periods of rapid increase in the number of synapses and dendritic arborizations in the brain. Since these processes require the deposition of LCPs in neuronal membranes, any limitation of LCP supply may modify the growth and function of the central nervous system. While the focus of research on LCP supplementation of infant formula has been on the first 2-4 months of life, little is known about the critical period during which dietary LCPs influence the maturation of cortical function. In Aim 1, we will conduct a randomized trial of LCP supplementation of term infants during months 4-12. We will delineate the critical period for cortical LCP accretion by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes from this cohort with our existing term infant data sets from randomized trials of LCP supplementation during the first weeks or months of life. The argument that LCPs are present in human milk as a basis for their inclusion in infant formula is compelling but limited by the lack of data on the short-term and long-term effects of dietary LCP supplements in formula-fed infants. In Aim 2, metabolic and nutritional effects of LCPs will be evaluated in terms of alterations in hemostasis, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and lipid profiles. These functional and biochemical parameters are considered of particular importance to assessing the short-term and long-term safety of LCP-supplementation to the nation's infant formula supply. Visual evoked potential and preferential looking acuity have been used widely as outcome measures in studies of infant LCP nutrition, with the inference that these visual outcomes are related to other aspects of cortical function; i.e., cognitive function. In Aim 3, we propose to obtain the first long-term cognitive outcome data for large samples of infants who participated in randomized trials of LCP-supplemented formula. By relating long-term outcomes to visual cortical function during infancy, we will directly evaluate the predictive of early visual tests for long-term cognitive outcomes.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）： 整个发育过程中大脑中的神经组织随着渐进性而变化 用长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）富集磷脂， 尤其是在最后的产前妊娠中期和前6个月 产后。在最佳条件下，LCP通过 胎盘转移并通过后母乳喂养婴儿。然而， 只有60％的美国新生儿是母乳喂养的，有60-80％的母乳喂养的婴儿是 在12周龄时断奶。配方奶粉剥夺了婴儿的预成型LCP 由于它们没有在美国婴儿公式中提供。最后的三个月 产前发展和生命的第一年是快速增加的时期 在大脑中的突触和树突状作用中。由于这些 过程需要在神经元膜中沉积LCP，任何限制 LCP供应可能会改变中枢神经系统的生长和功能。 虽然研究对LCP补充剂的研究重点是 在生命的前2-4个月，关于关键时期知之甚少 在此期间，饮食LCP会影响皮质功能的成熟。目标 1，我们将对补充LCP的随机试验。 在4-12个月中。我们将描绘皮质LCP的关键时期 通过比较该队列的神经发育结果与我们的增值 现有的术语婴儿数据集来自LCP补充的随机试验 在生命的头几周或几个月中。 LCP存在的论点 人牛奶作为将其纳入婴儿配方的基础是令人信服的，但 受饮食的短期和长期影响缺乏数据的限制 配方奶粉婴儿中的LCP补充剂。在AIM 2中，代谢和营养 LCP的影响将根据止血的改变评估， 抗氧化剂防御机制和脂质谱。这些功能和 生化参数被认为对于评估 LCP支持对国家婴儿的短期和长期安全 公式供应。视觉引起的潜力和优先的敏锐度具有 被广泛用作婴儿LCP营养研究的结果指标， 这些视觉结果与其他方面有关的推论 皮质功能；即认知功能。在AIM 3中，我们建议获得 大量婴儿样本的第一长期认知结果数据 参加了液化液液作用措施配方的随机试验。通过关联 在婴儿期的视觉皮质功能的长期结局，我们将直接 评估早期视觉测试长期认知结果的预测。