OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

OMEGA-3 脂肪酸与视力发育

• 批准号: 2025153
• 负责人: Eileen Elizabeth Birch
• 金额: $ 16.67万
• 依托单位: RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2025153
• 关键词: baby food; breast feeding; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; evoked potentials; fatty acid metabolism; human subject; linolenate; longitudinal human study; newborn human (0-6 weeks); nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; premature infant human; retina; vision; visual perception; visual phototransduction; baby food; breast feeding; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; evoked potentials; fatty acid metabolism; human subject; linolenate; longitudinal human study; newborn human (0-6 weeks); nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; premature infant human; retina; vision; visual perception; visual phototransduction

DESCRIPTION: Most infant formulas provide ample alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) but formula fed infants are at risk for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency due to their limited ability to metabolize this long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) from LNA during the first months of life. Formula-fed infants have abnormal fatty acid composition of red blood cells, retina and brain when compared with breast-fed infants, who obtain pre-formed DHA via human milk. Formula-fed infants whose diets lack both LNA and DHA exhibit less sensitive rod electroretinographic (ERG) function, poorer cortical visual evoked potential (VEP) acuity, poorer preferential-looking (PL) acuity, and lower scores on Fagan and Bayley tests. A specific need for dietary DHA in preterm and term infants is the focus of studies during the current grant period and the PI interim results support the essentiality of DHA for optimal maturation of visual function. 1. To delineate the role of DHA in supporting optimal maturation of cortical function. VEP and especially PL acuity have been widely used as indices of general maturation of the cortex or central nervous system; the motivation for these studies has been the quantification of subtle differences related to LCP composition of neural membranes. The PI proposes a series of studies to more directly evaluate cortical function via random dot stereoacuity and tests of cognitive function administered at 39 weeks, 4 years and 9 years of age. These data, coupled with VEP and PL acuity data, will also be used to examine the validity of the hypothesis that VEP and PL acuity provide indices of cortical maturation through analyses of concurrent and predictive validity for cognitive performance. 2. To evaluate the need for dietary supplementation following early weaning. Based on our data which support the essentiality of DHA in the term diet, we will address the question of whether DHA is essential in the post-weaning diet. Common practice in the US is a short 6-8 week period of breast-feeding; yet preliminary evidence suggests that a dietary supply of DHA is essential for at least 17 weeks. This study will be the first test of the essentiality of DHA in the post-weaning diet in the context of a randomized trial. 3. To evaluate the functional role of DHA in the neural retinal membranes of human infants. While there have been a number of studies on the role of DHA in neural membranes in vertebrates, little is known about the role of DHA in the neural membranes of the human infant. The functional effects of dietary DHA supply on activation and inactivation phases of the phototransduction cascade and the synaptic efficiency of the photo-receptor-bipolar junction will be evaluated in the context of a randomized trial. These data will provide the first test of the hypothesis that changes in neural membrane fatty acid composition lead to altered transduction and neurotransmission in the human infant. 4. To assess the capacity of human infants to synthesize DHA in vivo and in vitro. Based on the PI recent finding that in vivo elongation/desaturation of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in infants is limited, he plans to evaluate the impact of fetal growth, gestational age and diet on in vivo EFA conversion. in vivo studies will be complemented by in vitro investigations of LCP biosynthesis in fetal retinal tissue as a function of time in culture, gestational age and fatty acid substrate. Data from the in vivo and in vitro studies will assist in defining endogenous LCP biosynthetic capacity and optimal lipid composition for routine and specialty infant formulas.

描述：大多数婴儿配方都提供充足的α-烯醇酸（LNA） 但是喂养婴儿有二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的风险 由于其代谢这种长链的能力有限，缺乏症 LNA生命的头几个月中的多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）。 配方奶粉的婴儿具有红细胞异常的脂肪酸组成， 与母乳喂养的婴儿相比，视网膜和大脑 预先形成的DHA通过人牛奶。 饮食均缺乏两者的配方奶粉婴儿 LNA和DHA表现出较少敏感的杆电图（ERG）功能， 较差的皮质视觉诱发电位（VEP）敏锐度，较差 优先（PL）敏锐度，法根和贝利的分数较低 测试。 在早产和术语婴儿中对饮食DHA的特定需求是 在当前赠款期间的研究重点和PI临时结果 支持DHA的重要性，以最佳的视觉功能成熟。 1。描述DHA在支持最佳成熟中的作用 皮质功能。 VEP，尤其是PL敏锐度已被广泛使用 皮质或中枢神经系统一般成熟的指标；这 这些研究的动机是微妙的量化 与神经膜的LCP组成有关的差异。 PI提出 通过随机评估皮质功能的一系列研究 DOT立体定位和在39周时给予认知功能的测试，4 年和9岁。 这些数据与VEP和PL敏锐度数据相结合， 还将用于检查VEP和PL的假设的有效性 敏锐度通过并发分析提供了皮质成熟的指标 和认知表现的预测有效性。 2。评估早期饮食补充的需求 断奶。 基于我们支持DHA在 术语饮食，我们将解决DHA是否在 断奶后饮食。 美国的常见做法是短短的6-8周 哺乳;然而初步证据表明，饮食供应 DHA至少17周至关重要。 这项研究将是第一个测试 DHA在断奶后饮食中的重要性 随机试验。 3。评估DHA在神经中的功能作用 人类婴儿的视网膜膜。 虽然有很多 关于DHA在脊椎动物中神经膜中作用的研究，几乎没有IS 关于DHA在人类婴儿神经膜中的作用已知。 饮食DHA供应对激活和失活的功能影响 光转传级联的阶段和突触效率 将在A的背景下评估照片受体双极连接 随机试验。 这些数据将提供假设的第一个检验 神经膜脂肪酸组成的变化导致改变 人类婴儿的转导和神经传递。 4。评估人类婴儿在体内和IN合成DHA的能力 体外。 基于PI最近的发现，即体内伸长/去饱和 婴儿的必需脂肪酸（EFA）的限制是有限的，他计划评估 胎儿生长，胎龄和饮食对体内EFA的影响 转换。 体内研究将得到体外研究的补充 胎儿视网膜组织中的LCP生物合成随时间的函数 培养，妊娠年龄和脂肪酸底物。 来自体内的数据 并且体外研究将有助于定义内源性LCP生物合成 适用于常规和专业婴儿的能力和最佳脂质成分 公式。