Deciphering timings and rates of abrupt climate changes over the Lateglacial-Holocene period: The Lake Suigetsu biomarker record.

破译晚冰期-全新世时期气候突变的时间和速率：水月湖生物标志物记录。

• 批准号: NE/G011001/1
• 负责人: Emma Pearson
• 金额: $ 11.68万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG011001%2F1
• 关键词: Deciphering; timings; rates; abrupt; climate

Past climate reconstructions are fundamental to understand long-term trends in climate variability and to test climate models used to predict future climate change. Detailed reconstruction of lead-lag relationships in different regions provides important information about causal links between regions in the context of global climate change. Here we use an annually laminated sediment core from Lake Suigetsu, Japan, to examine timings and rates of key abrupt climate changes across the Lateglacial and early Holocene (i.e. the timeframe from the end of the last glacial into the present warm period) using a high resolution (5-10 year) molecular record of autochthonous (within-lake) and catchment responses to change, and precipitation/evaporation variations at this site. A series of abrupt climate changes from the Lateglacial-Holocene has been intensively studied worldwide and several opposing theories proposed. Earlier studies tended to support synchrony of climate changes between remote regions whereas recent studies in the West Pacific and Antarctica report climate changes that are asynchronous to those in the North Atlantic. In monsoon Asia, it has also been suggested that a cooling period that interrupted the warming at the onset of the Holocene in Asia was triggered by North Atlantic ocean circulation changes whereas a more recent study of Greenland ice argues that monsoon changes started slightly earlier in Asia than in the North Atlantic. Previous research by the Co-I using pollen data to reconstruct past vegetation and temperature at Lake Suigetsu reported a substantial delay in this cooling onset in Japan and suggested a combined role of North Atlantic circulation and solar forcing as the main drivers of millennial to centennial scale monsoon climate changes. Chinese stalagmite records suggest a period of cooling around 8200 years ago (the 8.2 ka event) has synchronous changes to evidence for cooling detected in Greenland ice core data but this hypothesis needs to be checked using records from other regions, including Japan. Difficulties in studying relative event timings lie in (i) high-precision age determination and (ii) response time in proxies for change. Lake Suigetsu is an ideal site for high-precision age determination because the sediment core to be analysed is extremely well radiocarbon dated. For the latter point, pollen has been the only climate proxy data generated from the Lake Suigetsu core and while pollen is sufficient to discuss multi-decadal to centennial scale changes, abrupt (inter-annual to decadal) changes are more difficult because of relatively slow response times of vegetation to climate changes. Biomarkers ('chemical fossils') can be used to provide information on past environments via evidence for changes in source inputs, productivity and, more recently (via the use of isotope ratios analysed in specific compounds) changes in temperature and precipitation/evaporation. Biomarker analysis will be employed here to reconstruct timings and rates of changes in source inputs, productivity (reflecting lake biota responses to change), temperature and precipitation, providing complimentary and additional information to that provided by pollen data. This research will contribute to (i) understanding the nature and mechanism of decadal to centennial climate changes, and (ii) providing a precise and accurate chronology for deglacial to Holocene event boundaries. An important result will be the timing of the Holocene onset in Lake Suigetsu. While Greenland ice is used to determine the timing of the Holocene onset via counting annual ice layers, there is a lack of suitable fossils preserved in ice that can be dated by radiocarbon. Lake Suigetsu, however, will be dated by radiocarbon using a large number of terrestrial plant leaf remains as well as counting of annual layers in the sediment.The results will be of significant interest and benefit to the scientific community of geologists and climatologists.

过去的气候重建对于了解气候变异性的长期趋势和测试用于预测未来气候变化的气候模型至关重要。在全球气候变化的背景下，不同地区的铅滞后关系的详细重建提供了有关区域之间因果关系的重要信息。在这里，我们使用日本Suigetsu湖的每年层压沉积物核心检查，在晚期和全新世的突然突然气候变化的时间和速度（即，从最后一次冰川到当前温暖期结束的时间范围（即，使用高分辨率（5-10年）的自动化（5-10年）的自动化（内部自动化）和cathers exment/catchment/catchment和catchment的变化。在全球范围内，已深入研究了晚期冰山新世后期的一系列突然气候变化，并提出了几种对立理论。较早的研究倾向于支持偏远地区气候变化的同步，而西太平洋和南极洲的最新研究报告了气候变化对北大西洋的气候变化是异步的。在亚洲季风中，还有人提出，在亚洲全新世开始时打断变暖的冷却期是由北大西洋海洋循环发生变化的，而最近对格陵兰冰的一项研究认为，季风变化在亚洲的变化略早于北大西洋。 CO-I的先前研究使用花粉数据来重建Suigetsu湖过去的植被和温度，报告了日本这种冷却发作的大幅延迟，并提出了北大西洋循环和太阳能强迫作为千禧一代的主要驱动因素，成为百年纪念的季风气候变化。中国的石碑记录表明，大约8200年前（8.2 ka事件）进行了一段时间的冷却时期，对格陵兰冰核数据中检测到的冷却的证据进行了同步更改，但是需要使用包括日本在内的其他地区（包括日本）的记录来检查该假设。研究相对事件时机的困难在于（i）高精度年龄的确定和（ii）变更代理中的响应时间。 Suigetsu湖是高精度年龄确定的理想场所，因为要分析的沉积物核心是放射性碳的良好日期。对于后一点，花粉一直是Suigetsu湖核心产生的唯一气候代理数据，尽管花粉足以讨论多年至百年纪念量表的变化，但由于植被时间相对较慢的响应时间而言，突然的（年间到衰老）的变化更加困难。生物标志物（“化学化石”）可用于通过证据来提供有关源输入，生产力的变化的证据，以及最近（通过在特定化合物中分析的同位素比）的变化）温度和降水/蒸发的变化。生物标志物分析将在这里用于重建来源输入的变化，生产力（反映湖对变化的响应），温度和降水的速度，为花粉数据提供的免费和其他信息提供了补充和其他信息。这项研究将有助于（i）理解十年气候变化的际际气候变化的性质和机制，以及（ii）为全新世的脱糖类事件边界提供精确，准确的年表。一个重要的结果将是Suigetsu湖全新世的时机。虽然格陵兰冰用于通过计算年度冰层来确定全新世发作的时机，但缺乏在冰中保存的合适的化石，可以通过放射性碳进行日期。但是，Suigetsu湖将使用大量的陆生植物叶子以及在沉积物中的年度层进行计数的日期。

项目成果

A Complete Terrestrial Radiocarbon Record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P.

• DOI: 10.1126/science.1226660
• 发表时间: 2012-10
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: C. Bronk Ramsey;R. Staff;C. Bryant;F. Brock;H. Kitagawa;J. van der Plicht;G. Schlolaut;M. Marshall;A. Brauer;H. Lamb;R. L. Payne;P. Tarasov;T. Haraguchi;K. Gotanda;H. Yonenobu;Y. Yokoyama;R. Tada;T. Nakagawa

Ultrahigh resolution total organic carbon analysis using Fourier Transform Near Infrarred Reflectance Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS)

使用傅里叶变换近红外反射光谱 (FT-NIRS) 进行超高分辨率总有机碳分析

• DOI: 10.1002/2013gc004928
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
• 作者: Pearson E

Identification and correlation of visible tephras in the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sedimentary archive, Japan: chronostratigraphic markers for synchronising of east Asian/west Pacific palaeoclimatic records across the last 150 ka

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.026
• 发表时间: 2013-05
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: V. Smith;R. Staff;S. Blockley;C. Ramsey;T. Nakagawa;D. Mark;K. Takemura;T. Danhara

An automated method for varve interpolation and its application to the Late Glacial chronology from Lake Suigetsu, Japan

一种自动插值方法及其在日本水月湖晚冰期年表中的应用

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.07.005
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Quaternary Geochronology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Schlolaut G

A novel approach to varve counting using µXRF and X-radiography in combination with thin-section microscopy, applied to the Late Glacial chronology from Lake Suigetsu, Japan

一种使用 µXRF 和 X 射线照相结合薄片显微镜进行藻类计数的新方法，应用于日本水月湖的晚冰期年代学

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.06.002
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Quaternary Geochronology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Marshall M