Ecologies of violence: heritage and conflict in more-than-human worlds

暴力生态：人类世界中的遗产和冲突

• 批准号: MR/X014991/1
• 负责人: Esther Breithoff
• 金额: $ 73.18万
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FX014991%2F1
• 关键词: Ecologies; violence; heritage; conflict; more

My original FLF project, Material Memories (May 2019-April 2023), explores the contributions of archaeology and heritage studies to understanding the ongoing social and cultural scars that occur in the aftermath of twentieth century conflicts and authoritarian regimes in South America, in partnership with the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF). The geographical scope of the project was subsequently expanded to include Southeast Asia (specifically Laos), as approved by the funder, to introduce a comparative aspect to the project, building on GCRF-funded fieldwork undertaken in Laos and Cambodia in 2019 whilst I was awaiting the results of the original application. This renewal proposal builds on and compliments the original project by focusing on the material memories of conflict in more-than-human worlds through an exploration of the impact of conflict and authoritarian violence on natural heritage and the environment. While the impact of armed conflict on (built and moveable) cultural heritage in affected communities has received significant attention from scholars in heritage studies and archaeology, the physical and ecological imprint of violence on biodiversity and natural heritage has thus far largely been neglected. Similarly, cultural heritage has received international policy protection since the drafting of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (and arguably earlier through other policies and conventions), but no such convention currently exists for the protection of the natural environment in the event of armed conflict. The renewal project is innovative in proposing a holistic and comparative approach that brings together an exploration of the lasting impacts of twentieth century violence on both natural and cultural heritage in Paraguay, Laos and France. The latter is a new addition to expand the comparative elements of the project to the global north and broaden the network of international partners and collaborators. In doing so, the project will show how these past/local impacts relate to issues of present/planetary concern, including the climate and extinction emergencies and ongoing issues of global social and economic inequality. While heritage practices are conventionally understood to be pitted against processes of natural and cultural decay, which should be slowed or arrested, exploring the heritage and ecologies of violence reverses this to ask how instead we might exist amongst the ubiquitous, widespread and sometimes toxic by-products and remnants of conflict which persist, do not readily decay and impact upon landscapes for generations to come. These landscapes speak to a more significant legacy of the twentieth century; how industrialized conflicts have reshaped the planet irreversibly and how, in light of the significant human planetary transformations of the Anthropocene, we will all increasingly need to learn to live with and in landscapes of devastation.Building new international and local partnerships and collaborations with a range of organisations (including demining NGOs and nature conservation agencies) and researchers, the project will show leadership in bringing together international research, policy-making and practice in relation to cultural and natural heritage, exploring the interfaces and relationships between them. Through studying the local impacts of violence on landscapes, ecologies and people, and exploring associated concepts of human and non-human rights, the project will show how landscapes 'remember' past violence against both culture and nature, and how these material and biological scars persist in the contemporary world and continue to affect local communities.

我最初的 FLF 项目“物质记忆”（2019 年 5 月至 2023 年 4 月）与阿根廷法医人类学小组（EAAF）。经资助者批准，该项目的地理范围随后扩大到包括东南亚（特别是老挝），以在 GCRF 资助的 2019 年在老挝和柬埔寨进行的实地工作的基础上引入该项目的比较方面，当时我正在等待原始申请的结果。这项更新提案以原始项目为基础并对其进行了补充，通过探索冲突和独裁暴力对自然遗产和环境的影响，重点关注非人类世界中冲突的物质记忆。虽然武装冲突对受影响社区（已建和可移动）文化遗产的影响受到遗产研究和考古学学者的极大关注，但暴力对生物多样性和自然遗产的物理和生态影响迄今为止在很大程度上被忽视。同样，自 1954 年起草《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》以来，文化遗产就受到了国际政策保护（可以说更早地通过了其他政策和公约），但目前还没有这样的公约来保护文化遗产。发生武装冲突时的自然环境。该更新项目具有创新性，提出了一种整体和比较的方法，汇集了对二十世纪暴力对巴拉圭、老挝和法国自然和文化遗产的持久影响的探索。后者是一个新的补充，旨在将该项目的比较要素扩展到北半球并扩大国际合作伙伴和合作者的网络。在此过程中，该项目将展示这些过去/当地的影响如何与当前/全球关注的问题相关，包括气候和灭绝紧急情况以及当前的全球社会和经济不平等问题。虽然遗产实践传统上被认为是与自然和文化衰退进程相冲突的，应该减缓或阻止这种衰退，但探索遗产和暴力生态却扭转了这一局面，并提出了我们如何能够存在于无处不在、广泛传播、有时有毒的副产品之中的问题。持续存在的冲突产物和残余物不会轻易腐烂，也不会影响子孙后代的景观。这些风景讲述了二十世纪更重要的遗产。工业化冲突如何不可逆转地重塑了地球，以及鉴于人类世的重大人类地球转变，我们将如何越来越需要学会与破坏景观共存。与一系列国家建立新的国际和地方伙伴关系和合作该项目由多个组织（包括排雷非政府组织和自然保护机构）和研究人员组成，将在将文化和自然遗产相关的国际研究、政策制定和实践结合起来，探索它们之间的界面和关系方面发挥领导作用。通过研究暴力对景观、生态和人类的当地影响，并探索人权和非人权的相关概念，该项目将展示景观如何“记住”过去针对文化和自然的暴力，以及这些物质和生物伤痕如何持续存在于当代世界并继续影响当地社区。