CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE DURING DROSOPHILA DEVELOPMENT

果蝇发育过程中的染色体结构

• 批准号: 6151031
• 负责人: ROBERT L GLASER
• 金额: $ 10.31万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6151031
• 关键词: DNA; Drosophilidae; developmental genetics; genetic mapping; heterochromatin; nucleic acid hybridization; nucleic acid sequence; nucleic acid structure; ovary; salivary glands; southern blotting

Chromosomes are DNA molecules that contain the genetic blueprint of an organism. Maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomes is essential for the normal growth and differentiation of all eukaryotic organisms. Aberrations in chromosome structure are a hallmark of many congenital abnormalities and genetic diseases of humans. Many significant questions remain concerning the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. The long-term objective of this research is to elucidate the large-scale euchromatic-heterochromatic domain structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, and determine how interactions between these domains can alter chromosome structure during development. A small, molecularly-tractable model chromosome, the 1300 kb Dp (1;f) 1187 mini chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster provides a unique opportunity to address previously inaccessible questions about chromosome structure. Initial studies have already demonstrated that restriction fragments of Dp (1;f) 1187 that cross euchromatic-heterochromatic functions and extend into heterochromatic domains have highly unusual properties including being selectively retained in agarose gels during DNA-blotting protocols and undergoing structural changes that alter fragment size. These properties vary between tissues both quantitatively and qualitatively. The specific aim of this research will be to extend these observations and: 1) determine the structure of Dp (1;f) 1187 in tissues of differing chromosome structure including polyploid, polytene, diploid and haploid chromosomes; 2) determine the generality of the initial observations by characterizing the properties of heterochromatic regions of the normal chromosome complement and 3) determine the molecular basis for the unusual physical properties of Dp (1;f) 1187 heterochromatic DNA. The novel nature of observations already made using this system suggest that continued analysis will reveal unanticipated aspects of DNA and chromosome structure of broad significance.

染色体是DNA分子，其中包含遗传蓝图 生物。维持染色体的结构完整性是必不可少的 对于所有真核生物的正常生长和分化。 染色体结构的畸变是许多先天性的标志 人类的异常和遗传疾病。 关于真核生物的结构，许多重要的问题仍然存在 染色体。这项研究的长期目标是阐明 真核生物的大规模构想异质域结构 染色体，并确定这些域之间的相互作用如何 在发育过程中改变染色体结构。 一个小的，可分子的模型染色体，1300 kb dp（1; f）1187 果蝇的迷你染色体Melanogaster提供了一个独特的机会 解决以前有关染色体结构的问题。 最初的研究已经表明DP的限制片段 （1; f）1187跨正式异光功能并延伸 进入异质域具有高度不寻常的特性 在DNA图案方案中选择性保留在琼脂糖凝胶中 并经历改变碎片大小的结构变化。这些 在定量和质量上，组织之间的性质各不相同。这 这项研究的具体目的将是扩展这些观察结果： 1）确定不同组织中DP（1; F）1187的结构 染色体结构，包括多倍体，多型，二倍体和单倍体 染色体； 2）通过表征来确定初始观察的一般性 正常染色体的杂色区域的特性 补充和 3）确定DP异常物理特性的分子基础 （1; f）1187杂色DNA。 已经使用该系统做出的观察的新颖本质表明 继续分析将揭示DNA和 染色体结构具有广泛的意义。