Simulating Urban Air Pollution In The Lab

在实验室模拟城市空气污染

• 批准号: MR/Y020014/1
• 负责人: Christina Vanderwel
• 金额: $ 75.79万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FY020014%2F1
• 关键词: Simulating; Urban; Air; Pollution; Lab

There has been increased evidence in recent years about the health risks of air pollution, which contribute to millions of deaths globally and tens of thousands of UK deaths annually. This research is about improving our ability to model urban air pollution and wind patterns to inform policy affecting people's health and wellbeing. These scientific advances will be achieved by applying advanced aerospace approaches including scale-model aerodynamic testing, in-situ measurements in real-life buildings, and data-driven methods coupling measurements to computational fluid dynamics models. These novel approaches promise to reveal understanding of the dispersion and transport of pollutants from industrial and urban sources and advance our ability to monitor, model, and control airborne pollution at the local and city scales critical for urban flows. These techniques allow us to fill a gap in our knowledge about the influence of local flow patterns to pedestrian comfort, building optimisation, air quality, and macroscale weather prediction. The scale-model aerodynamics experiments will focus on using state-of-the-art optical diagnostic tools to reveal the wind patterns that are the mechanisms of pollution dispersion in and around building models. In the first part of this fellowship, novel experiments were developed using scale models in a recirculating water tunnel with dye as a proxy for air pollution. These experiments successfully replicated atmospheric boundary layer conditions and highlighted the importance of tall buildings in enhancing vertical transport of ground-level pollution out of the urban canopy. In this extension, particle tracking techniques and transparent city models will be employed to reveal the dynamics of the flow features at street level and within urban canyons.The lab measurements will be supplemented by in-situ measurements of real-life buildings. This is made possible by an interdisciplinary collaboration using University of Southampton campus buildings. These measurements will be an opportunity to validate models and will feed into the new data-driven approaches that will be used to analyse the results and translate them into industry impact. Data-driven methods aim to reduce the complexity of the turbulent flow models, fill in missing information, and reveal physics of the flow. Urban aerodynamics provides a novel application well-suited to this approach as key flow features are expected to be anchored by the terrain and novel as both velocity and concentration properties of the flow need to be captured in the physics.Impact to industry will continue to be fostered by working closely with the wind engineering community. Impact to policy will continue to be supported through case studies simulating air pollution in the city of Southampton and contributing to national strategy documents. The public outreach made possible through this fellowship also highlights that aerodynamics is not only relevant to aeroplanes and race cars and that a diversity of people can work in this field, showcasing "urban aerodynamics" as an emerging field of research.This fellowship extension is an opportunity to build on these foundations to broaden the inter-disciplinary applicability of the new science we uncover and translate the results into further policy-relevant and industry-relevant impact.

近年来，关于空气污染的健康风险的证据越来越多，这些风险在全球造成数百万次死亡，每年有成千上万的英国死亡。这项研究是关于提高我们建模城市空气污染和风向模式的能力，以告知影响人们健康和福祉的政策。这些科学进步将通过应用先进的航空航天方法来实现，包括尺度模型空气动力学测试，现实生活中的原位测量以及数据驱动的方法将测量测量耦合到计算流体动力学模型。这些新颖的方法有望揭示对工业和城市来源污染物的分散和运输的理解，并提高我们监测，建模和控制空气传播污染的能力，这对城市流动至关重要。这些技术使我们能够填补有关局部流程模式对行人舒适，建立优化，空气质量和宏观天气预测的影响的空白。比例模型空气动力学实验将集中于使用最先进的光学诊断工具来揭示在建筑模型中及其周围污染分散机制的风模式。在该奖学金的第一部分中，使用染料循环的水隧道中的比例模型开发了新的实验，作为空气污染的代理。这些实验成功地复制了大气边界层条件，并强调了高建筑物在增强地面污染中从城市冠层增强垂直运输方面的重要性。在此扩展中，将采用粒子跟踪技术和透明的城市模型来揭示街道层和城市峡谷内流动特征的动态。实验室测量将通过现实生活中的现场测量值补充。使用南安普敦大学校园建筑的跨学科合作使这成为可能。这些测量结果将是验证模型的机会，并将进食新的数据驱动方法，该方法将用于分析结果并将其转化为行业影响。数据驱动的方法旨在降低湍流模型的复杂性，填充丢失的信息并揭示流量的物理。城市空气动力学提供了一种非常适合这种方法的新型应用程序，因为预计关键的流量特征将由地形和新颖的锚定，因为在物理学中需要捕获流量的速度和集中特性，因此与风工程社区紧密合作将继续促进行业。通过模拟南安普敦市的空气污染并为国家战略文件做出贡献的案例研究将继续支持对政策的影响。通过这项团契使公众的宣传成为可能，还强调，空气动力学不仅与飞机和赛车有关，而且多样性的人可以在该领域工作，展示“城市空气动力学”作为新兴领域的研究领域，这是一个奖励的机会。这是一个企业扩展的机会，可以在这些基础上建立跨越的基础，并跨越了新科学，我们将跨越新科学的运用，我们揭示了新科学的运用，我们将跨越新的科学运作，并将其概述范围扩展到范围内，并将其跨越新的科学范围，并将其置于范围内，并揭示了新科学的范围。与行业相关的影响。