PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ETHANOL AND RISK FOR ALCOHOLISM

对乙醇的心理生物学反应和酗酒风险

• 批准号: 5204225
• 负责人: CINDY L EHLERS
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/5204225
• 关键词: Asian Americans; Native Americans; adolescence (12-20); alcohol dehydrogenase; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; aldehyde dehydrogenases; alleles; behavioral genetics; biomarker; blood tests; brain electrical activity; cortisol; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electroencephalography; ethanol; evoked potentials; expectancy; family genetics; genotype; human genetic material tag; human subject; male; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; young adult human (21-34)

The prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism among different ethnic groups varies widely. Asian populations appear to have lower rates of alcoholism than other ethnic groups, whereas certain tribes of Native Americans have very high rates of alcohol abuse. These differences in rates of alcoholism between different ethnic groups are thought to reflect a combination of sociocultural and biological factors. Several studies have provided evidence to suggest that there may be racial and ethnic differences in biologic sensitivity to ethanol. The source of this disparity in ethanol sensitivity, while not well understood, presumably is the result of genetic differences in metabolic factors as well as differences in CNS "reactivity." The overall objective of the proposed studies is to extend our previous investigations, which had evaluated reaction to ethanol in Caucasian sons of alcoholics, to the study of Asian and Native American men. Genotyping for differences in alcohol metabolizing enzymes as well as ethanol reactivity will be evaluated using an ethanol challenge protocol. The specific aims of this investigation are: 1) To recruit a group of ASIAN men from the general community and who are 18-25 years of age and who are free of medical and psychiatric disorders. 2) To recruit a group of ASIAN and NATIVE AMERICAN MEN who are 16-25 years of age who are free of medical and psychiatric disorders. 3) To genotype all subjects for the presence of ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3 alleles. 4) To carefully screen all subjects on personal history variables and to determine if any family history of alcoholism or other psychiatric disorders exist in first- and second-degree relatives. 5) To identify subgroups within the Asian and Native American populations for study. Within the Asian population, family history negative nonflushers (ALDH2*1 homozygotes) and flushers (heterozygotes and homozygotes for the ALDH2*2 allele) will be determined as well as some family history positive men. Within the Native American population, family history positive and negative individuals will be identified as well as those with possible differences in ADH2 or ADH3 alleles. 6) To test response to ethanol and placebo challenge in these matched sub-groups using behavioral, neuroendocrine, and electrophysiologic measures. 7) To follow-up both groups of men to determine if they develop changes in alcohol drinking patterns or alcohol related problems over the course of the study.

不同种族中酒精滥用和酒精中毒的普遍性 组差异很大。 亚洲人口的比率较低 酗酒比其他种族群体，而本地的某些部落 美国人的酒精滥用率很高。 这些差异 人们认为不同种族之间的酒精中毒率是 反映社会文化和生物学因素的结合。 一些 研究提供了证据，表明可能存在种族和 生物学对乙醇敏感性的种族差异。 的来源 乙醇敏感性的这种差异虽然不太了解，但 大概是代谢因子遗传差异的结果 以及中枢神经系统“反应性”的差异。总体目标 拟议的研究是为了扩展我们以前的调查， 评估了酗酒者的乙醇的反应， 亚洲和美国原住民男性的研究。 基因分型差异 酒精代谢酶以及乙醇反应性将是 使用乙醇挑战方案进行评估。 这个特定的目的 调查是：1）从一般招募一群亚洲人 社区和18-25岁的人，谁没有医疗 精神疾病。 2）招募一组亚洲和美国原住民 16-25岁的男人没有医学和精神病学 疾病。 3）对于所有受试者的基因型，aldh2，adh2， 和ADH3等位基因。 4）仔细筛选所有关于个人历史的主题 变量并确定是否有酒精中毒或其他家族史 一级和二级亲戚存在精神疾病。 5）到 确定亚洲和美国原住民中的亚组 学习。 在亚洲人口中，家族史负面非劳累者 （Aldh2*1个纯合子）和冲洗器（杂合子和纯合子 Aldh2*2等位基因）将被确定以及一些家族史 积极的人。 在美国原住民中，家族史 将确定正面和负面的人以及 在ADH2或ADH3等位基因上可能存在差异。 6）测试对 在这些匹配的子组中，乙醇和安慰剂挑战使用 行为，神经内分泌和电生理测量。 7） 跟进两组男子以确定他们是否发展了变化 在整个过程中，饮酒模式或与酒精有关的问题 研究。