Hong Kong BNO Migrants Panel Survey

香港 BNO 移民追踪调查

• 批准号: ES/X003736/1
• 负责人: Tak-Wing Chan
• 金额: $ 117.08万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003736%2F1
• 关键词: Hong; Kong; BNO; Migrants; Panel

In response to the erosion of political rights and, in particular, the imposition of a National Security Law in Hong Kong, the Home Office announced in October 2020 that all Hong Kong residents with British National Overseas (BNO) status and their close family members could apply for visas to move to the UK. Up to 5.4 million of Hong Hong's 7.5 million residents are potentially eligible under the BNO scheme. This gives them the right to work in the UK and provides a path to full British citizenship. This announcement represents a radical shift in UK immigration policy. Previously, BNOs (despite the name) had very limited rights. In the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, 50,000 Hong Kong residents and their family members were given the right of abode in the UK, against the background of substantial political opposition. By contrast, this much more wide-ranging scheme has so far been largely uncontroversial. There is huge uncertainty about the take-up of the scheme. The Home Office estimates that between 123,000 and 153,700 people might come to the UK in the first year, and between 258,000 and 322,400 people over the first five years. It also gives a plausible upper-bound estimate of one million. The limited data that is available so far suggests that flows have been significant. There were 103,990 BNO visa applications between 31 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. With the BNO scheme, we are witnessing one of the largest migrant inflows to the UK from a single source country ever recorded. The number of Hong Kong-born residents in the UK could triple or even quadruple within a few years. The Windrush generation of the 1950s and 1960s, the East African Asians of the 1960s and 1970s, and the Central and Eastern European migrants from the mid-2000s have all made lasting changes to the social fabrics of the UK. We believe the arrival of the BNO migrants will also bring profound social, economic, and perhaps political changes in Britain in the decades to come. How will the BNOs fare, socially and economically, in the UK? What are their needs and experience? How do they compare with members of other migrant/minority ethnic groups? How many of the BNOs will return to Hong Kong after a few years? At this point we do not have systematic, reliable, and representative data that will allow us answer these questions with confidence. To fill in the gap, we will design and implement a survey of the Hong Kong BNO migrants in the UK. With the cooperation of the Home Office, we will be able to draw a representative sample of 2,000 BNO migrants. We will interview them three times over three years. This survey will give us information about the BNOs as they arrive. It will also tell us their evolving outcomes and trajectories as they settle in the country. To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic, longitudinal, social science study that tracks a major migrant group (almost) from the time of their arrival in the UK. We will analyse the BNOs' integration into the UK economy and society, with research strands covering topics such as labour market outcomes, migration processes and intentions, discrimination, social networks, and social cohesion. Our data will become a rich resource for other scholars and policy analysts in the field of migration research. This project will deepen our understanding of the BNOs and of the process of migrant integration in general.

为了应对政治权利受到侵蚀，特别是在香港实施国家安全法，英国内政部于 2020 年 10 月宣布，所有拥有英国国民海外 (BNO) 身份的香港居民及其近亲可以申请移居英国的签证。香港 750 万居民中，多达 540 万可能符合 BNO 计划的资格。这赋予他们在英国工作的权利，并提供了获得正式英国公民身份的途径。这一声明代表了英国移民政策的彻底转变。此前，BNO（尽管名称如此）的权利非常有限。天安门广场大屠杀后，在强烈的政治反对背景下，5万名香港居民及其家人获得了英国居留权。相比之下，这一范围更为广泛的计划迄今为止基本上没有引起争议。该计划的实施存在巨大的不确定性。英国内政部估计，第一年可能有 123,000 至 153,700 人来到英国，头五年可能有 258,000 至 322,400 人来到英国。它还给出了 100 万的合理上限估计。迄今为止可获得的有限数据表明，资金流动量很大。 2021 年 1 月 31 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间，共有 103,990 份 BNO 签证申请。通过 BNO 计划，我们正在见证有史以来从单一来源国流入英国的最大规模移民之一。几年内，在英国出生的香港居民人数可能会增加两倍甚至四倍。 20世纪50年代和1960年代的疾风一代、1960年代和1970年代的东非亚洲人以及2000年代中期的中欧和东欧移民都对英国的社会结构产生了持久的变化。我们相信，BNO 移民的到来也将在未来几十年给英国带来深刻的社会、经济，或许还有政治变革。 BNO 在英国的社会和经济方面将表现如何？他们的需求和经验是什么？他们与其他移民/少数民族群体的成员相比如何？有多少BNO会在几年后返回香港？目前我们还没有系统的、可靠的、有代表性的数据来​​让我们自信地回答这些问题。为了填补这一空白，我们将设计并实施一项针对在英国的香港 BNO 移民的调查。在内政部的合作下，我们将能够抽取 2,000 名 BNO 移民的代表性样本。我们将在三年内采访他们三次。这项调查将为我们提供有关 BNO 抵达时的信息。它还将告诉我们他们在该国定居时不断变化的结果和轨迹。据我们所知，这将是第一个系统的、纵向的社会科学研究，追踪一个主要移民群体（几乎）自抵达英国之时起的情况。我们将分析 BNO 融入英国经济和社会的情况，研究范围涵盖劳动力市场结果、移民过程和意图、歧视、社交网络和社会凝聚力等主题。我们的数据将成为移民研究领域其他学者和政策分析师的丰富资源。该项目将加深我们对 BNO 和移民融入总体过程的理解。