Sentencing and diversity: how do ethnicity and gender impact on the content and outcomes of sentences served in the community?

量刑和多样性：种族和性别如何影响社区服刑的内容和结果？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/X003450/1
负责人：
Angela Julie Sorsby
金额：
$ 6.38万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003450%2F1
关键词：
Sentencing diversity how do ethnicity

项目摘要

The proposed project will improve our understanding of ethnicity and gender in relation to the requirements of community-based sanctions. Better understanding of these relationships has been identified as crucial by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation's thematic inspections in relation to gender and ethnicity. The project will therefore allow for better informed policy development.Equality is not just about treating everyone the same. Equality needs to take account of diversity and inclusivity. Adopting an approach to criminal justice which takes account of the different needs of women and men and the needs of people from different ethnic groups requires data that are disaggregated by gender and ethnicity. The proposed project will use the Data First datasets to examine the relative effectiveness of different requirements of community-based orders - assessed in terms of successful completion and the likelihood of future offending - in relation to ethnicity and gender, while controlling for other variables such as age and offence. Regression analyses will be used to address the following research questions:o Are there differences between ethnic groups and men and women in the number and type of requirements that make up community orders and suspended sentence orders, after controlling for other factors, such as age and severity of offence?o Are some requirements more effective in terms of successful completion and preventing reconviction?o Does the effectiveness of requirements vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?o Does unsuccessful completion due to failure to comply with the requirements of an order increase the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after termination of the order?o Does the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after breaching the requirements of an order vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?The use of community sentences has declined considerably over the last decade. Over the same time-period the use of immediate custody has increased. This is concerning because community sentences can divert people from short custodial sentences. They have consistently been found to be superior to short prison sentences in preventing reconviction and are considerably less costly than custody. One of the reasons put forward for the decline of community sentences is a loss of confidence by magistrates that they are an effective alternative to custody and can reduce crime or rehabilitate offenders. Therefore, evidence on which community order requirements are most effective in this regard and for whom could potentially contribute to restoring confidence in their use. The project will examine the extent to which ethnicity and gender differences in successful completion of community-based orders contribute to gender and ethnicity differences in the use of custody. A better understanding of the effectiveness of different order requirements for different groups of people could improve the use of community-based order requirements. This may help to keep people out of prison and reduce disparities between different groups of people in the use of custody, thereby improving fairness and legitimacy within the criminal justice system.Results of the project will be presented in user-friendly reports on the ADR UK website, with an accompanying blog. There will also be a short video animation of the key findings which will be shown at the ESRC Festival of Social Science and will be available on the University of Sheffield's and ADR UK's web pages. In addition the project will generate: a dataset which combines variables from the court, probation and prison datasets with derived variables, such as the number of subsequent convictions, which could be used by other researchers; and an offence severity scale which can be used by other researchers and also policy makers, in for example targeting resources.

拟议的项目将提高我们对与社区制裁要求相关的种族和性别的理解。女王陛下缓刑监察局对性别和种族的专题检查认为，更好地理解这些关系至关重要。因此，该项目将有助于制定更明智的政策。平等不仅仅是平等对待每个人。平等需要考虑多样性和包容性。采用考虑到女性和男性的不同需求以及不同种族群体的需求的刑事司法方法需要按性别和种族分列的数据。拟议的项目将使用数据第一数据集来检查基于社区的命令的不同要求的相对有效性 - 根据成功完成和未来犯罪的可能性进行评估 - 与种族和性别相关，同时控制其他变量，例如年龄和罪行。回归分析将用于解决以下研究问题： o 在控制其他因素（例如年龄和年龄）后，构成社区命令和缓刑命令的要求的数量和类型在族裔群体和男性和女性之间是否存在差异？犯罪的严重程度？o 是否有一些要求在成功完成和防止重新定罪方面更有效？o 要求的有效性是否因种族而异，对于男性和女性是否相同？o 未成功完成是否是由于不遵守要求而导致的订单的可能性增加在命令终止后，是否会因后续犯罪而被判处监禁？o 违反命令的要求后，因后续犯罪而被判处监禁的可能性是否因种族而异，对于男性和女性是否相同？使用社区过去十年中刑期大幅减少。同一时期，立即羁押的使用有所增加。这是令人担忧的，因为社区刑罚可以使人们从短期监禁刑罚中转移出来。人们一直认为，在防止重新定罪方面，此类刑罚优于短期监禁，而且成本也比监禁低得多。社区刑罚减少的原因之一是地方法官对社区刑罚作为监禁的有效替代方案以及可以减少犯罪或改造罪犯失去了信心。因此，关于哪些社区秩序要求在这方面最有效以及对谁而言的证据可能有助于恢复对其使用的信心。该项目将研究在成功完成社区命令方面的种族和性别差异在多大程度上导致使用监护权方面的性别和种族差异。更好地了解不同人群的不同订单要求的有效性可以改善基于社区的订单要求的使用。这可能有助于让人们远离监狱，并减少不同群体在使用拘留方面的差异，从而提高刑事司法系统内的公平性和合法性。该项目的结果将在 ADR UK 的用户友好报告中呈现网站，以及附带的博客。还将在 ESRC 社会科学节上播放有关主要发现的短片动画，并将在谢菲尔德大学和 ADR UK 的网页上提供。此外，该项目还将生成：一个数据集，将法庭、缓刑和监狱数据集的变量与派生变量（例如后续定罪的数量）相结合，可供其他研究人员使用；以及其他研究人员和政策制定者可以使用的犯罪严重程度量表，例如确定资源目标。