Sentencing and diversity: how do ethnicity and gender impact on the content and outcomes of sentences served in the community?

量刑和多样性：种族和性别如何影响社区服刑的内容和结果？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/X003450/1
负责人：
Angela Julie Sorsby
金额：
$ 6.38万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003450%2F1
关键词：
Sentencing diversity how do ethnicity

项目摘要

The proposed project will improve our understanding of ethnicity and gender in relation to the requirements of community-based sanctions. Better understanding of these relationships has been identified as crucial by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation's thematic inspections in relation to gender and ethnicity. The project will therefore allow for better informed policy development.Equality is not just about treating everyone the same. Equality needs to take account of diversity and inclusivity. Adopting an approach to criminal justice which takes account of the different needs of women and men and the needs of people from different ethnic groups requires data that are disaggregated by gender and ethnicity. The proposed project will use the Data First datasets to examine the relative effectiveness of different requirements of community-based orders - assessed in terms of successful completion and the likelihood of future offending - in relation to ethnicity and gender, while controlling for other variables such as age and offence. Regression analyses will be used to address the following research questions:o Are there differences between ethnic groups and men and women in the number and type of requirements that make up community orders and suspended sentence orders, after controlling for other factors, such as age and severity of offence?o Are some requirements more effective in terms of successful completion and preventing reconviction?o Does the effectiveness of requirements vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?o Does unsuccessful completion due to failure to comply with the requirements of an order increase the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after termination of the order?o Does the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after breaching the requirements of an order vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?The use of community sentences has declined considerably over the last decade. Over the same time-period the use of immediate custody has increased. This is concerning because community sentences can divert people from short custodial sentences. They have consistently been found to be superior to short prison sentences in preventing reconviction and are considerably less costly than custody. One of the reasons put forward for the decline of community sentences is a loss of confidence by magistrates that they are an effective alternative to custody and can reduce crime or rehabilitate offenders. Therefore, evidence on which community order requirements are most effective in this regard and for whom could potentially contribute to restoring confidence in their use. The project will examine the extent to which ethnicity and gender differences in successful completion of community-based orders contribute to gender and ethnicity differences in the use of custody. A better understanding of the effectiveness of different order requirements for different groups of people could improve the use of community-based order requirements. This may help to keep people out of prison and reduce disparities between different groups of people in the use of custody, thereby improving fairness and legitimacy within the criminal justice system.Results of the project will be presented in user-friendly reports on the ADR UK website, with an accompanying blog. There will also be a short video animation of the key findings which will be shown at the ESRC Festival of Social Science and will be available on the University of Sheffield's and ADR UK's web pages. In addition the project will generate: a dataset which combines variables from the court, probation and prison datasets with derived variables, such as the number of subsequent convictions, which could be used by other researchers; and an offence severity scale which can be used by other researchers and also policy makers, in for example targeting resources.

拟议的项目将提高我们对基于社区制裁的要求的种族和性别的理解。对这些关系的更好理解已被女王je下的督察对性别和种族的主题检查确定为至关重要的。因此，该项目将允许更好的政策制定。平等不仅仅是对所有人都一样。平等需要考虑多样性和包容性。采用一种刑事司法方法来考虑男女的不同需求以及来自不同族裔的人们的需求，需要通过性别和种族分析的数据。拟议的项目将使用第一个数据集使用数据集来检查基于社区订单的不同要求的相对有效性 - 根据成功完成和未来犯罪的可能性进行评估 - 与种族和性别有关，同时控制年龄和犯罪等其他变量。回归分析将用于解决以下研究问题：o种族群体与男女之间的要求数量和女性在控制其他因素之后，在构成社区命令和暂停命令的要求数量和类型上存在差异，例如，犯罪的年龄和严重性（例如，在成功完成和预防妇女的效率上，对人的有效性和妇女的有效性都更有效吗？不遵守命令的要求增加了终止订单后随后的犯罪的可能性吗？在同一个时间 - 直接使用立即监护权增加。这是令人担忧的，因为社区句子可以使人们摆脱短暂的监护刑罚。人们一直发现它们在预防审判方面的刑期优越，并且比监护权较低。社区判决下降的原因之一是，治安法官丧失了他们是监护权的有效替代方案，可以减少犯罪或康复罪犯。因此，在这方面最有效的社区秩序要求的证据，以及谁可能有助于恢复对使用的信心。该项目将研究成功完成基于社区的命令的种族和性别差异的程度，导致使用监护权的性别和种族差异。更好地了解不同订单要求对不同人群的有效性可以改善基于社区的订单要求的使用。这可能有助于使人们远离监狱，并减少不同人群使用监护权的差异，从而改善刑事司法系统内的公平性和合法性。该项目的分歧将在ADR UK网站上的用户友好报告中介绍，并附有一个随附的博客。还将在ESRC社会科学节上展示的主要发现的简短视频动画，并将在谢菲尔德大学和ADR UK的网页上提供。此外，该项目将产生：将法院变量，缓刑和监狱数据集与派生变量相结合的数据集，例如随后的定罪数量，其他研究人员可以使用；以及其他研究人员以及政策制定者，例如针对资源的犯罪严重程度量表。