Interdisciplinary Study on Medical Research: Rescuing Intellectual Property Rights in Pandemic Emergencies from "Tragedy of the Anticommon"

医学研究跨学科研究：从“反共同悲剧”中拯救疫情突发事件中的知识产权

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W01193X/1
负责人：
Roy Partain
金额：
$ 42.98万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW01193X%2F1
关键词：
Interdisciplinary Study Medical Research Rescuing

项目摘要

Cursory: A set of COVID-related research grants worth £620,000 (USD $850,000) have just been awarded to the University of Aberdeen's School of Law and its research partners of Kobe University's Graduate School of Law and the British Institute for International and Comparative Law (BIICL). The funds from the Japanese Society for the Progression of Science (JSPS) and the UK Research Institute (UKRI) will award the University of Aberdeen and the British Institute for International and Comparative Law with £424,857.38 and Kobe University with JPY 29,980,000, accordingly. The grants run for three years, from December 2021 till December 2024. The funds are in support of the JSPS and UKRI recent call for 'Addressing COVID-19 Challenges with Japanese Researchers'. The research project proposes to examine how aspects of private law, commercial law, and intellectual property law might be reformed to better enable a rapid policy response in the face of an emerging pandemic. In particular, expertise from legal game theory, such as anticommons structures, will be used as an innovative legal research methodology. The research team includes legal scholars from the University of Aberdeen, BIICL, Kobe University, Hokkaido University, Nihon University, and Tokai University, making this one of the broadest UK-Japan legal research projects in recent history. In Depth: To solve new medical problems, such as viral outbreaks, many patents, copyrights, and other trade secrets need to be accessible to a variety of research labs in many countries. However, coordination problems in the markets surrounding medical and pharmaceutical intellectual property (IP) rights could prevent the rapid development of treatments, cures, and vaccines during the tightly packed timeframes of a moving pandemic. This situation can be described as an IP crisis. In addition, state regulations and policies to ensure safe research procedures and products often take years to complete. On the other hand, governmental interventions to IP rights may dis-incentivise private firms from investing in the necessary research in the future for the next potential pandemic. Thus, our research seeks to find solutions to the IP crisis that enable the continued functional trust of the market and of property rights during pandemics. This research will examine legal issues in various legal areas in such periods of crisis and will propose solutions, using recent innovations in anti-commons theory as theoretical foundations. Anti- commons is a phenomenon when a cluster of separate parties hold exclusionary rights over a joint or shared asset, then that asset might become unusable, resulting in a loss of value or production to the group as a whole. The phenomenon was initially identified in property law, but it can be found arising from many areas of substantive, procedural, and administrative law. This is potentially a central problem in medical research given the large numbers of researchers and research institutes involved. We will investigate intellectual property law, to identify how the rights to control the use of patents, trademarks, and copyrights might cause anti-common problems that can prevent the rapid development of medical and pharmaceutical solutions. In addition to this academic significance, this research will hope to find alternative modalities and designs of intellectual property law that might be more responsive to emergency events and prevent the emergence of anti-common problems. This project combines a wide set of legal expertise to address the problem. The research team unites global experts in Intellectual Property Law, Competition Law, Comparative Private and Commercial Law, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Public International Law, Public Law and Administrative Law, International Economic Law, Sociology of Law, Disaster Law, and Mathematical Methods of Law and Economics.

粗略地说：阿伯丁大学法学院及其研究合作伙伴神户大学法学院和英国国际与比较法研究所刚刚获得了一组价值 62 万英镑（85 万美元）的与新冠病毒相关的研究补助金（ BIICL）。日本科学进步协会（JSPS）和英国研究所（UKRI）的资金将授予阿伯丁大学和英国国际与比较法研究所提供 424,857.38 英镑，神户大学提供 29,980,000 日元，这笔赠款为期三年，从 2021 年 12 月到 2024 年 12 月。这些资金用于支持 JSPS 和 UKRI 最近提出的“应对新冠肺炎疫情”的呼吁。 19 日本研究人员面临的挑战该研究项目建议研究私法、商法和知识产权法的各个方面。特别是，法律博弈论的专业知识（例如反公地结构）将被用作创新的法律研究方法，其中包括来自伦敦大学的法律学者。阿伯丁、BIICL、神户大学、北海道大学、日本大学和东海大学，使该项目成为近代历史上最广泛的英日法律研究项目之一。专利、版权和其他商业秘密需要向许多国家的各种研究实验室开放，但是，围绕医疗和制药知识产权 (IP) 的市场协调问题可能会阻碍治疗、治愈方法和技术的快速发展。这种情况可以被称为知识产权危机。此外，确保安全研究程序和产品的国家法规和政策通常需要数年时间才能完成。权利可能会抑制私营企业的积极性因此，我们的研究旨在寻找知识产权危机的解决方案，使市场和产权在流行病期间能够持续发挥作用。反公地理论是指一组独立的各方对共同或共享资产（然后是该资产）拥有排他性权利的现象。可能会变得无法使用，从而导致丢失这种现象最初是在财产法中发现的，但它可以在实体法、程序法和行政法的许多领域中发现，因为数量庞大，这可能是医学研究的一个中心问题。我们将调查知识产权法，以确定控制专利、商标和版权的使用可能会导致阻碍医疗和制药解决方案快速发展的常见问题。就这一学术意义而言，本研究希望寻找知识产权法的替代模式和设计，以更好地应对紧急事件并防止反常见问题的出现。该项目结合了广泛的法律专业知识来解决该问题。法、竞争法、比较私法和商法、替代性争议解决、国际公法、公法和行政法、国际经济法、法律社会学、灾害法以及法律和经济学的数学方法。