ALCOHOL USE AND AVIATION SAFETY

酒精使用和航空安全

• 批准号: 3109331
• 负责人: LEONARD E ROSS
• 金额: $ 10.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 1991-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3109331
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; attention; aviation; awareness; blood chemistry; decision making; human subject; injury prevention; job performance; model; model design /development; occupational hazard; orientation; psychomotor function

Alcohol use by aircraft pilots is a continuing matter of concern. A substantial number of aircraft accidents have been found to be alcohol related, and many other such accidents may have escaped detection. While the dangers of piloting an aircraft while intoxicated are obvious to most, there is relatively little data available and less agreement concerning the effects of moderate and low blood alcohol levels on pilot performance. This research program has as its objectives the analysis of the processes involved in alcohol impairment of pilot performance at low and moderate alcohol levels, and the dissemination of such information to the scientific and aviation communities. A computer interfaced flight simulator will be used to examine pilot performance under various flight conditions and task load demands. Past work on this project has demonstrated that a low (.04%) blood alcohol concentration (BAC) can affect relatively simple flight tasks. The largest and most serious effects, however, are found when divided attention is required and the pilot most cope with multiple task demands. To investigate such situations, research will use simulator flight scenarios to investigate the effects of low BAC values on pilot performance in critical situations where 1) visual orientation is lost, 2) the aircraft is placed in unusual attitudes where the proper control inputs are essential, 3) conflicting air-traffic appears, or 4) emergencies involving various system failures occur. Other scenarios to be employed involved decision making where several courses of action are possible with differing safety implications. Interest is in the effects of alcohol on decision making processes. Increased susceptability to distraction as a function of BAC also is to be studied by examining the effects of interpolating distracting instructions or tasks while the pilot is carrying out check-list and other duties. The effects of alcohol on susceptibility to disorientation is also to be investigated. Further development of multiattribute performance models for use in evaluating alcohol's effects on simulator flight performance is also planned. A final line of investigation concerns the interaction of pilot boredom and/or fatigue with the factors discussed above. The objective of these studies is to determine if alcohol's effects, and interactions with other factors, are greater after several hours of simulator flight, a situation more comparable to many actual flying situations.

飞行员饮酒是一个持续令人关注的问题。 大量的飞机事故被发现是由 与酒精有关的，还有许多其他此类事故可能已经逃脱 检测。 虽然驾驶飞机的危险 醉酒对大多数人来说都是显而易见的，数据相对较少 现有的，但关于中度影响的共识较少 以及低血液酒精含量对飞行员表现的影响。 这项研究 程序的目标是过程分析 涉及酒精对飞行员表现的损害 适度的酒精含量以及此类行为的传播 向科学界和航空界提供信息。 一个 计算机接口飞行模拟器将用于检查飞行员 各种飞行条件和任务负载下的性能 需求。 该项目过去的工作表明，低 (0.04%) 血液酒精浓度（BAC）的影响相对简单 飞行任务。 然而，最大和最严重的影响是 当需要分散注意力并且飞行员最能应对时发现 具有多种任务需求。 为了调查此类情况， 研究将使用模拟器飞行场景来调查 低 BAC 值对危急情况下飞行员表现的影响 1) 失去视觉定向的情况，2) 飞机处于 处于不寻常的态度，适当的控制输入 重要情况，3) 出现空中交通冲突，或 4) 紧急情况 涉及各种系统故障的发生。 其他场景待定 所雇用的人员涉及决策，其中有几门课程 可能采取的行动具有不同的安全影响。 兴趣是 酒精对决策过程的影响。 增加 对分心的敏感性也是 BAC 的一个函数 通过检查插值分散注意力的影响来研究 飞行员执行检查清单时的指示或任务 其他职责。 酒精对易感性的影响 迷失方向也有待调查。 进一步开发多属性性能模型 用于评估酒精对模拟器飞行性能的影响 也在计划之中。 最后的调查涉及 飞行员的无聊和/或疲劳与这些因素的相互作用 上面讨论过。 这些研究的目的是确定是否 酒精的影响以及与其他因素的相互作用更大 经过几个小时的模拟器飞行后，情况更多 与许多实际飞行情况相当。