ALCOHOL USE AND AVIATION SAFETY

酒精使用和航空安全

• 批准号: 3109327
• 负责人: LEONARD E ROSS
• 金额: $ 13.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 1988-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3109327
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; attention; aviation; awareness; blood chemistry; human subject; injury prevention; job performance; occupational hazard; psychomotor function

A research program is proposed to investigate the effects blood alcohol level on pilot performance. Through use of a flight simulator, performance is to be analyzed in highly demanding instrument flight conditions as well as in those involving system malfunctions and other emergency situations where the task load is very high and the effects of alcohol are expected to be at a maximum. It is hypothesized that the effects of alcohol interact with the attentional and task complexity demands that characterize certain aspects of flying. The impairment due to alcohol is presumed to result in a compensatory increased effort being directed to the primary flight-control and instrument flight task resulting in a narrowing of the functional attentional field. A a consequence, attention to and the integration of other information necessary for safe flight is diminished leading to a failure of the pilot to become aware of or react properly to potentially dangerous situations. The following factors will be varied in order to examine the interaction of task difficulty and blood alcohol level: number of flying tasks to be performed simultaneously, communication load, instrument flight difficulty, and degrees of freedom in navigational tasks. Dependent measures to be obtained include various error indices of aircraft positioning, latency to detect and respond to emergency situations and the procedures used. In addition, measures of pilot control input and oculomotor behavior, including visual scanning patterns and the latency of saccadic eye movements, are to be obtained and analyzed under various alcohol blood level conditions. It is believed that the blood alcohol level at which dangerous flying situations can arise is lower than generally recognized, and that the information to be obtained under particularly demanding flying conditions is important both with respect to a better understanding of the situational factors involved in alcohol impairment and in increasing general awareness of the potential dangers of flying under the influence of alcohol.

提出了一项研究计划来调查血液酒精的影响 飞行员表现水平。 通过使用飞行模拟器，性能 还要在高要求的仪表飞行条件下进行分析 如涉及系统故障和其他紧急情况的情况 任务负荷非常高并且酒精的影响预计会 处于最大值。 据推测，酒精的作用是相互作用的 具有某些特征的注意力和任务复杂性要求 飞行的各个方面。 据推测，酒精造成的损害会导致 补偿性的增加努力被引导到初级 飞行控制和仪表飞行任务导致范围缩小 功能性注意场。 结果，关注和 安全飞行所需的其他信息的整合减少 导致飞行员未能意识到或做出适当反应 潜在的危险情况。 以下因素会有所不同 为了检查任务难度和血液酒精的相互作用 level：同时执行的飞行任务数量， 通信负载、仪表飞行难度和自由度 导航任务。 要获得的相关措施包括各种 飞机定位误差指数、检测和响应延迟 紧急情况和所使用的程序。 此外，还采取措施 飞行员控制输入和动眼行为，包括视觉扫描 获得眼跳的模式和潜伏期 在不同的血液酒精浓度条件下进行分析。 据信 可能出现危险飞行情况的血液酒精浓度是 低于普遍认可的水平，并且需要获取的信息 在特别苛刻的飞行条件下很重要 尊重所涉及的情境因素的更好理解 酒精损伤和提高人们对酒精潜力的普遍认识 酒后飞行的危险。