Unequal geographies of risk in the city: 'Everyday' embodiments and strategies of resistance in Metro Cebu, the Philippines

城市中风险的不平等地域：菲律宾宿雾都会区的“日常”体现和抵抗策略

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T006870/1
负责人：
Jordana Ramalho
金额：
$ 13.75万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT006870%2F1
关键词：
Unequal geographies risk city Everyday

项目摘要

The Philippines is one of the most disaster-affected countries in the world and considered especially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. As a reflection of growing international awareness and concern for these issues, the 2030 Development Agenda marks the first time that climate change has featured explicitly in a global framework, with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 calling on countries to 'take urgent action to control climate change and its impacts'. Pre-emptive planning to address the vulnerability of cities, in particular, to climate-related hazards is also gaining traction internationally, as evidenced in SDGs 9, and 11 on urban resilience and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and UN-Habitat's New Urban Agenda which recognises climate change and DRRM as emerging urban development challenges. In the Philippines, as elsewhere, community-based (CB)DRRM has become a core orthodoxy informing intervention, especially in urban poor areas. However the extent to which this form of 'bottom-up' risk governance has actually enhanced the engagement and accountability of the state in meeting the needs of the urban poor has yet to be critically assessed. Attention to the causes and consequences of gendered and classed participation in CBDRRM has also been largely neglected. These, I argue, are important points of inquiry to ensure that communities (and women in particular) are not left to shoulder the bulk of the burdens for 'building back better', shrouded in a language of participation, empowerment and resilience. My research makes an important contribution to how these complex issues are understood and addressed, shifting the focus away from dominant techno-scientific appraisals of exceptional risks and hazard mitigation, towards the everyday realities and perspectives of those most exposed and vulnerable to these events, yet typically excluded from policy conversations. I reveal how encounters with risk and disaster are gendered, and argue that these gendered riskscapes (rather than the commonly projected myth of 'women's free time') help to explain feminised patterns of participation in CBDRRM in the Philippines. I also identify a relationship between land tenure and housing insecurity, and disasters, wherein disasters are being used opportunistically to evict informal settlers. These dynamics, I argue, extend to the realm of disaster risk governance, where labels of risk and vulnerability are subjectively ascribed to urban poor communities to legitimise state-driven demolitions under the auspices of 'pro-poor development' and 'disaster proofing' the city. By drawing attention to the gendered and classed embodiments of risk and risk management, and to how resilience-building and climate change adaptation agendas are manipulated to serve elite interests and displace the urban poor from the city, this project raises important questions about what urban climate justice and sustainable urban development look like, and how they should be achieved. In this fellowship I will develop publications and organise workshops/conferences to communicate my PhD findings to academic and non-academic audiences, offering a counter narrative to techno-scientific appraisals of risk and pejorative depictions of the urban poor, and seeking to advance more nuanced interdisciplinary debates around the gendered and classed implications of urban resilience and sustainable development agendas. Early on in the fellowship, I will also conduct follow-up fieldwork in Cebu to see how the Mega Cebu urban development plan has been progressing following the 2016/17 post-election administrative reshuffle, and to get an update from key respondents in the community on urban poor engagement in or efforts to contest these processes.

菲律宾是世界上受灾最严重的国家之一，被认为特别容易受到气候变化的不利影响。作为国际社会对这些问题日益增长的认识和关注的反映，2030 年发展议程首次将气候变化明确纳入全球框架，可持续发展目标 (SDG) 13 呼吁各国“采取紧急行动控制气候变化”。气候变化及其影响”。针对城市脆弱性（特别是气候相关灾害）的先发制人的规划也在国际上受到关注，可持续发展目标 9 和 11 关于城市复原力和灾害风险减少和管理 (DRRM) 以及联合国人居署的新目标就证明了这一点。城市议程将气候变化和灾害风险管理视为新兴的城市发展挑战。在菲律宾，与其他地方一样，基于社区的 (CB)DRRM 已成为一种核心的正统干预措施，特别是在城市贫困地区。然而，这种“自下而上”的风险治理形式实际上在多大程度上增强了国家在满足城市贫民需求方面的参与和责任，仍有待严格评估。对 CBDRRM 中性别和分类参与的原因和后果的关注也基本上被忽视了。我认为，这些都是重要的调查点，以确保社区（特别是妇女）不会承担“重建得更好”的大部分负担，并笼罩在参与、赋权和复原力的语言中。我的研究对如何理解和解决这些复杂问题做出了重要贡献，将重点从对特殊风险和减灾的主导技术科学评估转向了最容易受到这些事件影响的人们的日常现实和观点，但通常被排除在政策对话之外。我揭示了风险和灾难的遭遇如何被性别化，并认为这些性别化的风险景观（而不是普遍预测的“女性空闲时间”的神话）有助于解释菲律宾参与 CBDRRM 的女性化模式。我还确定了土地保有权和住房不安全与灾害之间的关系，其中灾害被机会主义地用来驱逐非正规定居者。我认为，这些动态延伸到了灾害风险治理领域，其中风险和脆弱性的标签被主观地归于城市贫困社区，以在“扶贫发展”和“防灾”的支持下使国家驱动的拆除合法化。城市。通过提请人们注意风险和风险管理的性别和分类体现，以及如何操纵复原力建设和气候变化适应议程来服务精英利益并将城市贫民赶出城市，该项目提出了关于城市气候的重要问题正义和可持续城市发展是什么样子，以及如何实现它们。在这项奖学金中，我将出版出版物并组织研讨会/会议，向学术和非学术受众传达我的博士研究成果，为风险的技术科学评估和对城市贫民的贬义描述提供反驳，并寻求推进更细致的研究围绕城市复原力和可持续发展议程的性别和分类影响进行跨学科辩论。在奖学金的早期，我还将在宿务进行后续实地考察，以了解大型宿务城市发展计划在2016/17选举后行政改组后的进展情况，并从社区的主要受访者那里获取最新信息城市贫民参与或努力对抗这些进程。