Unequal geographies of risk in the city: 'Everyday' embodiments and strategies of resistance in Metro Cebu, the Philippines

城市中风险的不平等地域：菲律宾宿雾都会区的“日常”体现和抵抗策略

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T006870/1
负责人：
Jordana Ramalho
金额：
$ 13.75万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT006870%2F1
关键词：
Unequal geographies risk city Everyday

项目摘要

The Philippines is one of the most disaster-affected countries in the world and considered especially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. As a reflection of growing international awareness and concern for these issues, the 2030 Development Agenda marks the first time that climate change has featured explicitly in a global framework, with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 calling on countries to 'take urgent action to control climate change and its impacts'. Pre-emptive planning to address the vulnerability of cities, in particular, to climate-related hazards is also gaining traction internationally, as evidenced in SDGs 9, and 11 on urban resilience and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and UN-Habitat's New Urban Agenda which recognises climate change and DRRM as emerging urban development challenges. In the Philippines, as elsewhere, community-based (CB)DRRM has become a core orthodoxy informing intervention, especially in urban poor areas. However the extent to which this form of 'bottom-up' risk governance has actually enhanced the engagement and accountability of the state in meeting the needs of the urban poor has yet to be critically assessed. Attention to the causes and consequences of gendered and classed participation in CBDRRM has also been largely neglected. These, I argue, are important points of inquiry to ensure that communities (and women in particular) are not left to shoulder the bulk of the burdens for 'building back better', shrouded in a language of participation, empowerment and resilience. My research makes an important contribution to how these complex issues are understood and addressed, shifting the focus away from dominant techno-scientific appraisals of exceptional risks and hazard mitigation, towards the everyday realities and perspectives of those most exposed and vulnerable to these events, yet typically excluded from policy conversations. I reveal how encounters with risk and disaster are gendered, and argue that these gendered riskscapes (rather than the commonly projected myth of 'women's free time') help to explain feminised patterns of participation in CBDRRM in the Philippines. I also identify a relationship between land tenure and housing insecurity, and disasters, wherein disasters are being used opportunistically to evict informal settlers. These dynamics, I argue, extend to the realm of disaster risk governance, where labels of risk and vulnerability are subjectively ascribed to urban poor communities to legitimise state-driven demolitions under the auspices of 'pro-poor development' and 'disaster proofing' the city. By drawing attention to the gendered and classed embodiments of risk and risk management, and to how resilience-building and climate change adaptation agendas are manipulated to serve elite interests and displace the urban poor from the city, this project raises important questions about what urban climate justice and sustainable urban development look like, and how they should be achieved. In this fellowship I will develop publications and organise workshops/conferences to communicate my PhD findings to academic and non-academic audiences, offering a counter narrative to techno-scientific appraisals of risk and pejorative depictions of the urban poor, and seeking to advance more nuanced interdisciplinary debates around the gendered and classed implications of urban resilience and sustainable development agendas. Early on in the fellowship, I will also conduct follow-up fieldwork in Cebu to see how the Mega Cebu urban development plan has been progressing following the 2016/17 post-election administrative reshuffle, and to get an update from key respondents in the community on urban poor engagement in or efforts to contest these processes.

菲律宾是世界上受灾最受灾难的国家之一，被认为特别容易受到气候变化的不利影响。为了反映对这些问题的国际意识和关注的不断提高，2030年的发展议程标志着气候变化首次在全球框架中明确特征，可持续发展目标（SDG）13呼吁国家“采取紧急行动来控制气候变化及其影响”。 Pre-emptive planning to address the vulnerability of cities, in particular, to climate-related hazards is also gaining traction internationally, as evidenced in SDGs 9, and 11 on urban resilience and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and UN-Habitat's New Urban Agenda which recognises climate change and DRRM as emerging urban development challenges.在菲律宾，与其他地方一样，基于社区的（CB）DRRM已成为核心的正统观念，尤其是在城市贫困地区。但是，这种“自下而上”风险治理形式的程度实际上增强了国家在满足城市贫困人口需求方面的参与和问责制，尚待评估。对性别和分类参与CBDRRM的原因和后果的关注也在很大程度上被忽略了。我认为，这些是询问的重要点，以确保社区（尤其是妇女）不会承担大部分负担，以“更好地建造”，并以参与，赋权和韧性的语言笼罩。我的研究为如何理解和解决这些复杂问题做出了重要的贡献，将重点从对特殊风险和缓解危害的特殊技术科学评估转移到了最容易受到这些事件的人的日常现实和观点的评估，但通常被排除在政策对话之外。我揭示了如何对风险和灾难的相遇性别，并认为这些性别风险景观（而不是通常的“妇女空闲时间”的神话）有助于解释菲律宾CBDRRM参与女性化的模式。我还确定了土地权限与住房不安全感与灾难之间的关系，其中灾难被机会驱逐非正式定居者。我认为，这些动态扩展到了灾难风险治理的领域，在这些动力上，风险和脆弱性的标签主观归因于城市贫困社区，以使国家驱动的拆除合法化在“贫穷发展”和“灾难抗灾”的主持下。通过提请注意风险和风险管理的性别和分类的实施例，以及如何操纵弹性的建设和气候变化适应议程，以服务精英利益，并使城市贫困人口从城市中取代，这一项目提出了有关城市气候正义和可持续的城市发展的重要问题，以及如何实现城市的城市正义和可持续的城市发展。在这项奖学金中，我将开发出版物并组织研讨会/会议，以将我的博士学位调查结果传达给学术和非学术受众，从而对技术科学科学的风险和贬义性描绘城市贫困人口进行反驳，并试图围绕性质和跨学科的跨学科的跨学科辩论，并寻求跨学科和跨学科的发展。在奖学金的早期，我还将在宿雾进行后续实地调查，以了解在2016/17选举后的行政改组后，大型宿雾城市发展计划如何进步，并从社区中关键受访者的最新受访者涉及城市不良参与或与之竞争的努力。