Retheorising Gender and Sexuality: The Emergence of 'Trans'

重新理论化性别和性行为：“跨性别者”的出现

• 批准号: ES/J022608/1
• 负责人: Deborah Steinberg
• 金额: $ 1.91万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ022608%2F1
• 关键词: Retheorising; Gender; Sexuality; Emergence; Trans

Most literature takes an identity based social framework (for example, the Kinsey model provides a linear model to designate sexual identity as ranging on a polarity from heterosexual to homosexual)as its starting point to measure sexual or gender identity. However, such models fail to explain gender variance and alternative forms of understanding 'the body' that fall outside of an identity based model. For example, the plurality of gender and sexual practices and identifications that move beyond conventional categories go unrecognised within clinical contexts (see Moon 2011). More recently the emergence of 'trans' as a free floating signifier has witnessed what happens when the complex interplay of gender, sexuality and bodies is freed from the materiality of the body. Trans is emerging as a theoretical conceptualisation that moves beyond the idea of identity as a structure that provides meaning for 'the body' alone, to becoming an identifier that is, in fact, post-identity politics. Within the medical field the rise of 'trans' has been exponential with progress made around 'transitional' bodies, while a 'trans' identity (as 'trans', transgender, genderqueer for example) has shifted the clinical model of polarised identity which is under ever increasing pressure to provide more expansive ways of meeting the social and medical transformation of bodies. 'Trans' marks a paradigmatic shift, that shows extensive changes in social and subjective relations providing social research with an ideal resource to reconsider theory and practice across and within the entire field of gender and sexuality - interrogating the core paradigms of sexual and gender identity and cross cutting the disciplinary boundaries that form sexuality and gender studies.Trans will act as a case study through which we will examine the following issues:a) 'trans' as a terminology, as a mode of self/communal identification that is a recently emerging phenomenon. Trans is de-sutured from specific references to bodies, gender and sexuality yet is evocative of all three. It provides a distinct but interlinking development on the terrain of sexuality and gender along with the rise of 'queer'. Although both have a history of gender/ sexuality 'bending', they have distinctive trajectories. b) 'Trans' is a point of convergence (much more explicitly than 'queer')for a distinctive, cross-disciplinary constellation of constituencies, cross-cutting clinical, therapeutic, representational, academic and everyday communities and contexts. The emergence of 'trans' has been distinctively facilitated by digital technology and the concomitant rise of web-based social movements.c) 'trans' is thus a particularly salient case and point of nexus for a range of issues and themes cross-cutting sexuality and gender, including identities, affectivities, 'inter-sex' and 'inter-gender' and well as 'trans' gender and 'trans' sexualities; body governance and regulatory regimes, body ethics and affective imperatives; new social movements; new technologies of identity and community; and (un) commonsenses and (un) common emotions. The questions raised by the seminar series will include: - How and to what degree does the emergence of 'trans' reflect shifts in our larger paradigmatic understandings of gender and sexuality? - How and to what degree does 'trans' reconfigure (even 'trans'figure) everyday body -reflexive practices, popular common-sense or herald new normativities on the terrains of gender and sexuality. - To what degree and in what ways does 'trans' represent a 'post-closet' epistemology and a transformation of the Kinsey continuum? And what are the implications of 'trans' for clinical and therapeutic practice, for sexual theory and for everyday articulations of identity and intersubjective connection.

大多数文献都以基于身份的社会框架（例如，金赛模型提供了一个线性模型来将性身份指定为从异性恋到同性恋的极性）作为衡量性或性别身份的起点。然而，这些模型无法解释性别差异和理解“身体”的替代形式，这些形式不属于基于身份的模型。例如，超越传统类别的性别和性行为及认同的多元化在临床背景下未被认识到（参见Moon 2011）。最近，“跨性别者”作为一个自由浮动的能指的出现，见证了当性别、性行为和身体的复杂相互作用从身体的物质性中解放出来时会发生什么。跨性别正在作为一种理论概念化出现，它超越了身份作为一种单独为“身体”提供意义的结构的概念，成为一种标识符，实际上是后身份政治。在医学领域内，随着“过渡”身体的进步，“跨性别”的崛起呈指数级增长，而“跨性别”身份（例如“跨性别者”、跨性别者、性别酷儿）已经改变了两极分化身份的临床模式。面临着越来越大的压力，需要提供更广泛的方式来满足身体的社会和医学转型。 “跨性别”标志着一种范式转变，它显示了社会和主观关系的广泛变化，为社会研究提供了理想的资源，以重新考虑性别和性行为整个领域的理论和实践——质疑性和性别认同的核心范式，跨越形成性和性别研究的学科界限。跨性别者将作为一个案例研究，通过它我们将研究以下问题：a）“跨性别者”作为一个术语，作为一种最近出现的自我/群体认同模式现象。跨性别不再是对身体、性别和性行为的具体提及，但却能唤起这三者的共鸣。随着“酷儿”的兴起，它在性和性别领域提供了独特但相互关联的发展。尽管两者都有性别/性取向“弯曲”的历史，但他们有着独特的轨迹。 b) “跨性别者”是一个独特的、跨学科的群体、跨领域的临床、治疗、代表性、学术和日常社区和背景的汇聚点（比“酷儿”更明确）。数字技术和随之兴起的基于网络的社会运动明显促进了“跨性别”的出现。c) 因此，“跨性别”是一系列跨领域性问题和主题的一个特别突出的案例和联系点性别，包括身份、情感、“跨性别”和“跨性别”以及“跨性别”和“跨性别”性行为；身体治理和监管制度、身体道德和情感要求；新的社会运动；身份和社区新技术；和（不）常识和（不）共同情感。系列研讨会提出的问题将包括： - “跨性别者”的出现如何以及在多大程度上反映了我们对性别和性的更大范式理解的转变？ - “跨性别”如何以及在多大程度上重新配置（甚至是“跨性别”形象）日常身体反射实践、流行常识或预示着性别和性领域的新规范。 - “反式”在多大程度上以及以什么方式代表了“后秘密”认识论和金赛连续体的转变？ “跨性别”对临床和治疗实践、性理论以及身份和主体间联系的日常表达有何影响？