Improving the policy impact of academic work - in topics of productivity industry employment skills and other areas of NIESR expertise

提高学术工作的政策影响——在生产力行业就业技能和 NIESR 专业知识的其他领域的主题

基本信息

批准号：
ES/K007416/1
负责人：
Jonathan Portes
金额：
$ 6.96万
依托单位：
National Institute of Economic and Social Research
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK007416%2F1
关键词：
Improving policy impact academic work

项目摘要

This Knowledge Exchange fellowship has two strandsi. The Engagement focus aims to increase government use of academic work, by increased engagement between BIS and NIESR through a) a series of seminars for policy people, b) review of processes for government research and data management, and c) improved communication of the policy perspective.ii. The Research focus aims to undertake analysis of firm level data and explore the potential to extend the findings in the literature in order a) to gain greater impact on policy development from academic knowledge, and b) identify and develop potential for further policy relevant research from these areas of NIESR expertise.The Engagement focus of the project contains different elements:a. Seminars. NIESR has agreed to arrange a series of 4 seminars on BIS policy topics over the 12 months of the fellowship. These will involve experts from the academic community, including ESRC centres such as SKOPE, and will be open to government officials from BIS and other departments. The topics are likely to include areas such as macro-economic projections, migration and the labour market, and sources of productivity gain.b. Research and data processes. The opportunity of the Fellowship will be used to improve academic links with government processes for research and data where possible. The aim is to develop and provide greater feedback to academic bidders on the features of weaker bids, and how to strengthen them. c. Policy context. As well as policy relevant seminars, other steps will be taken to ensure that BIS priorities are conveyed to the academic community. The approach will be to arrange a workshop for academics, hosted by NIESR, and invite policy leads from government to provide feedback on what has worked for them. The Research focus will use firm-level micro-data to explore the relation between the dynamic economy (firms closing and opening, growing and contracting, improving and declining) and productivity, the labour market, and one or more of skills, innovation, high growth firms, sectors and clusters. The approach is to explore the potential of these data for greater insight and impact, rather than direct data analysis - in recognition of the challenges presented by the patchy documentation, and inconsistent data records.The starting point is the finding that the great majority of productivity gain arises from 'external restructuring' of firms or plants (80-90% of Total Factor Productivity according to Disney et al (2003), and greater according to Harris and Moffat (2012). At first sight this seems surprising - it suggests that little productivity gain occurs within existing firms or plants.The implication is sometimes drawn that economic churn amongst firms is the route for growth rather than improvement within firms. The picture could in fact be different. The empirical literature appears to focus mainly on churn among plants rather than firms and there is little detail on how much of the gain occurs between plants but within firms, and how much between firms. This is the first question that will be explored. The second stage will consider how this decomposition varies over time, under different macro-economic circumstances. The literature suggests there is some but not much variation. One would expect the components of change to differ at times of growth from times of contraction or recession. The third stage will assess the feasibility of separating the decomposition by firm size, as churn is likely to operate rather differently for small firms than for middle or larger ones. Policy on investment in areas such as skills or innovation will be informed and influenced by the findings.The fourth stage will explore the potential for future work in one or more policy areas - skills and training (building on work by Haskel et al 2003, Dearden et al 2005, and Galindo-Rueda et al 2005), in innovation, or employment.

这个知识交流奖学金有两个部分。参与重点旨在增加政府对学术工作的利用，通过 a) 为政策人员举办一系列研讨会，b) 审查政府研究和数据管理流程，以及 c) 改善政策沟通，增加 BIS 和 NIESR 之间的参与观点.ii.研究重点旨在对公司层面的数据进行分析，并探索扩展文献研究结果的潜力，以便a）从学术知识中获得对政策制定的更大影响，b）从学术知识中识别和开发进一步政策相关研究的潜力。 NIESR 专业知识的这些领域。该项目的参与重点包含不同的要素：研讨会。 NIESR 同意在为期 12 个月的奖学金期间安排一系列关于 BIS 政策主题的 4 场研讨会。这些活动将涉及学术界的专家，包括 SKOPE 等 ESRC 中心，并向 BIS 和其他部门的政府官员开放。这些主题可能包括宏观经济预测、移民和劳动力市场以及生产率提高的来源等领域。研究和数据处理。该奖学金的机会将用于在可能的情况下改善与政府研究和数据流程的学术联系。其目的是针对较弱投标的特点以及如何加强这些投标，向学术投标人提供更多反馈。 c.政策背景。除了与政策相关的研讨会外，还将采取其他措施以确保将国际清算银行的优先事项传达给学术界。采取的方法是为学术界安排一次由 NIESR 主办的研讨会，并邀请政府的政策负责人就对他们有用的方法提供反馈。研究重点将使用企业层面的微观数据来探索动态经济（企业关闭和开放、增长和收缩、改善和下降）与生产率、劳动力市场以及技能、创新、高水平中的一项或多项之间的关系。成长型企业、部门和集群。该方法是探索这些数据的潜力，以获得更大的洞察力和影响力，而不是直接进行数据分析——认识到不完整的文档和不一致的数据记录带来的挑战。出发点是发现绝大多数生产力收益来自公司或工厂的“外部重组”（根据 Disney 等人（2003 年）的说法，占全要素生产率的 80-90%，根据 Harris 和 Moffat（2012 年）的说法，收益更大。乍一看，这似乎令人惊讶 - 它表明生产力低下收益发生在现有的企业或工厂内。有时会得出这样的结论：企业之间的经济流失是增长的途径，而不是企业内部的改进。实际上，实证文献似乎主要关注工厂之间的流失，而不是企业内部的流失。几乎没有详细说明有多少收益发生在工厂之间而不是公司内部，以及有多少收益发生在公司之间，这是将要探讨的第一个问题。第二阶段将考虑在不同的宏观经济环境下，这种分解如何随时间变化。文献表明存在一些差异，但差异不大。人们预计，增长时期与收缩或衰退时期的变化组成部分会有所不同。第三阶段将评估按公司规模进行分解的可行性，因为小型公司的流失运作方式可能与中型或大型公司截然不同。技能或创新等领域的投资政策将受到调查结果的影响。第四阶段将探索一个或多个政策领域未来工作的潜力——技能和培训（以 Haskel 等人 2003 年的工作为基础，Dearden等人 2005 年，以及 Galindo-Rueda 等人 2005 年），在创新或就业方面。