BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF DRUG EFFECTS

药物作用的行为机制

• 批准号: 3752878
• 负责人: S J HEISHMAN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3752878
• 关键词: Cannabis; alprazolam; amphetamines; attention; behavior test; blood chemistry; cocaine; codeine; cognition; dosage; drug abuse; drug administration routes; ethanol; human subject; memory; motivation; performance; psychological reinforcement; psychopharmacology

The mechanisms by which drugs affect human behavior are complex, involving the interaction between the direct actions of the drug (e.g., impaired coordination) and the functional behavioral effects such as altered motivation. Specific determinants of drug response include the drug dose, the route of administration, the person's physiological and psychological state, the particular environmental conditions, and the nature of the behavior or test used. One approach we are pursuing is to vary the environmental conditions by manipulating the reinforcement (monetary) contingencies under which subjects perform various tasks. This can be thought of as manipulating a subject's motivation to perform. By also varying drug dose and using tests that measure different aspects of performance (e.g., psychomotor vs. cognitive), we can begin to explore the complex interactions underlying the effects of drugs on behavior. Another approach to investigating the mechanisms by which drugs influence behavior is to focus on performance impairment produced by psychoactive drugs. The performance-impairing effects of abused drugs produce a large toll on the nation each year in terms of traffic injuries and fatalities and lost productivity in the workplace. However, for most drugs, we lack basic knowledge about the behavioral mechanisms underlying their impairment of human performance. A series of studies is being conducted that will address such questions. A battery of physiological, behavioral, and performance measures designed to determine whether an individual is behaviorally impaired as the result of taking a drug has been tested with ethanol, marijuana, and cocaine. A study scheduled to begin in September, 1994 will examine the effects of amphetamine, codeine, and alprazolam on this same test battery as well as a cognitive test of attention and memory. By also collecting blood samples during these studies, we will be able to gain valuable information concerning the relationship between plasma concentrations of drugs and degree of performance impairment.

药物影响人类行为的机制是复杂的， 涉及药物的直接作用之间的相互作用（例如， 协调障碍）和功能行为效应，例如 改变动机。 药物反应的具体决定因素包括 药物剂量，行政途径，人的生理和 心理状态，特定的环境条件和 所使用的行为或测试的性质。 我们正在追求的一种方法是 通过操纵加固来改变环境条件 （货币）主体执行各种任务的意外事件。 可以将其视为操纵主题的表演动机。 还可以改变药物剂量并使用测量不同方面的测试 表现（例如，心理运动与认知），我们可以开始探索 药物对行为影响的基础的复杂相互作用。 研究药物影响机制的另一种方法 行为是专注于精神活性产生的绩效障碍 毒品。 被滥用药物的性能障碍作用会产生较大的 每年的交通伤害和死亡人数每年损失 并失去了工作场所的生产力。 但是，对于大多数药物，我们缺乏 关于其行为机制的基本知识 人类绩效的损害。 正在进行一系列研究 这将解决此类问题。 一堆生理学， 行为和绩效指标旨在确定是否 由于服用药物的结果，个人在行为上受到了损害 与乙醇，大麻和可卡因一起测试。 安排的研究 从1994年9月开始检查苯丙胺的影响， 可待因和在同一测试电池上的alprazolam以及认知 注意力和记忆的测试。 通过在 这些研究，我们将能够获得有关的宝贵信息 药物的血浆浓度与程度之间的关系 性能障碍。