BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF DRUG EFFECTS

药物作用的行为机制

• 批准号: 2571629
• 负责人: S J HEISHMAN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2571629
• 关键词: Cannabis; alprazolam; amphetamines; attention; blood chemistry; clinical research; cocaine; codeine; cognition; dosage; drug abuse; drug administration routes; ethanol; human subject; memory; motivation; neuropsychological tests; performance; psychological reinforcement; psychopharmacology

The mechanisms by which drugs affect human behavior are complex, involving the interaction between the direct actions of the drug (e.g., impaired coordination) and the functional behavioral effects such as altered motivation. Specific determinants of drug response include the drug dose, the route of administration, the person's physiological and psychological state, the particular environmental conditions, and the nature of the behavior or test being measured. One approach that we are pursuing is to vary the environmental conditions by mainpulating the reinforcement (monetary) contingencies under which subjects perform various tasks. This can be thought of as manipulating a subject's motivation to perform. By also varying drug dose and using tests that measure different aspects of performance (e.g., psychomotor vs. cognitive), we can begin to explore the complex interactions underlying the effects of drugs on behavior. Another approach to investigating the mechanisms by which drugs influence behavior is to focus on performance impairment produced by psychoactive drugs. The performance-impairing effects of drugs of abuse produce a large toll on the nation each year in terms of traffic injuries and fatalities and lost productivity in the workplace. However, for most drugs, we lack basic knowledge about the behavioral mechanisms underlying their impairment of human performance. A series of studies is being conducted that will address such questions. A battery of physiological, behavioral, and performance measures designed to determine whether an individual is behaviorally impaired as the result of taking a drug has been tested with ethanol, marijuana, and cocaine. A second study that was recently completed investigated the effects of marijuana, amphetamine, codeine, and alprazolam on this same test battery as well as a cognitive test of attention and memory. By also collecting blood samples during these studies, we are able to gain valuable information concerning the relationship between plasma concentrations of drugs and degree of performance impairment.

药物影响人类行为的机制是复杂的， 涉及药物的直接作用之间的相互作用（例如， 协调障碍）和功能行为效应，例如 改变动机。 药物反应的具体决定因素包括 药物剂量，行政途径，人的生理和 心理状态，特定的环境条件和 测量行为或测试的性质。 我们是一种方法 追求是通过主教来改变环境条件 受试者执行的强化（货币）意外事件 各种任务。 这可以被认为是操纵主题的 表演的动力。 还可以改变药物剂量并使用测试 衡量表现的不同方面（例如，心理运动VS。 认知），我们可以开始探索基础的复杂互动 药物对行为的影响。 研究药物影响机制的另一种方法 行为是专注于精神活性产生的绩效障碍 毒品。 滥用药物的性能影响影响会产生 每年的交通受伤和 在工作场所的死亡人数和生产力失去。 但是，对于大多数人来说 药物，我们缺乏有关行为机制的基本知识 他们对人类绩效的损害。 一系列研究正在 进行了这些问题。 一堆生理学， 行为和绩效指标旨在确定是否 由于服用药物的结果，个人在行为上受到了损害 与乙醇，大麻和可卡因一起测试。 第二项研究 最近完成了调查大麻的影响 同样的测试电池也有苯丙胺，可待因和阿普唑仑 作为注意力和记忆的认知测试。 通过收集血液 在这些研究中，我们能够获得有价值的信息 关于药物血浆浓度与 性能障碍程度。