Customisable Urban Model for Quantifiable Thermal Observations (CUMQUAT)

用于可量化热观测的可定制城市模型 (CUMQUAT)

• 批准号: EP/X041999/1
• 负责人: Tristan Kershaw
• 金额: $ 72.34万
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX041999%2F1
• 关键词: Customisable; Urban; Model; Quantifiable; Thermal

With increasing urbanisation, the urban heat island is expected to grow, increasing the risk to inhabitants of heat related illness and death during hot weather. Anthropogenic climate change has already increased the likelihood of a 2003 summer heatwave by an order of magnitude, and such summers are expected to be normal by the 2040s. While the recent 2022 heatwaves are estimated to have caused an additional 3,271 deaths. Despite this the UK Government currently has no policy on how to combat the urban heat island beyond simply increasing urban green space. This is no doubt based upon the long-held belief that adding plants or water to an urban area will provide cooling by increasing evapotranspiration. However, the picture is far more complex, for both green and blue space, cooling effectiveness depends on the size, shape, distribution and type of green or blue space. This is in addition to the local climate conditions, time of year, the surrounding surface roughness, the available fetch length and the surrounding urban geometry and materiality. Currently there are gaps in our understanding of the inter-relationships between all these factors leading to green and blue spaces that provide little or no useful cooling and in case of blue space may actually worsen environmental conditions during hot still periods such as heatwaves. The effects of bluespace on the urban microclimate is considerably less studied than that of greenspace. This project aims to close these gaps in our understanding through the creation of a world leading test facility into the effects of bluespace on the urban microclimate. The CUMQUAT array will allow the controlled testing of different sizes and configurations of blue space in an urban setting under natural environmental loading. The quantity and variety of environmental sensors deployed will allow a 'belt and braces' approach to data collection and provide sufficient data for the creation of detailed data sets for the validation of numerical simulations, but also exploration of the various heat and mass transfer mechanisms going on under different environmental loading patterns. The usefulness of the CUMQUAT array goes beyond the experiments detailed in this proposal and will allow researchers to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of urban waterbodies. For instance, when do urban waterbodies provide a cooling effect and how far does this spread horizontally, when do urban waterbodies worsen local environmental conditions exacerbating the risk to human health and wellbeing, under what conditions can urban waterbodies promote the vertical transport of heat, air and pollutants away from the urban surface? A better understanding of these conditions will allow urban areas to be better planned to incorporate bluespace to reduce or even neutralise the urban heat island and providing relief from heatwaves and future environmental change.

随着城市化的增加，预计城市热岛将增长，从而增加与热天气相关疾病和死亡的居民的风险。人为的气候变化已经增加了2003年夏季热浪的可能性，预计到2040年代，这种夏天将是正常的。据估计，最近2022年的热浪造成了3,271例死亡。尽管如此，英国政府目前没有关于如何与城市热岛作战的政策，而不仅仅是增加城市绿色空间。毫无疑问，这是基于长期以来的信念，即向市区添加植物或水将通过增加蒸散量来提供冷却。但是，对于绿色和蓝色空间，冷却效率都取决于绿色或蓝色空间的大小，形状，分布和类型，这是更为复杂的。这是当地气候条件，一年中的时间，周围的表面粗糙度，可用的提取长度以及周围的城市几何形状和物质性的补充。当前，我们对所有这些因素之间的相互关系存在差距，这些因素导致绿色和蓝色空间几乎没有有用的冷却，而在蓝色空间的情况下，实际上可能会在炎热的静止时期（例如热浪）中恶化环境条件。蓝调空间对城市微气候的影响要比Greenspace的影响要小得多。该项目旨在通过创建世界领先的测试设施来弥补蓝调空间对城市微气候的影响，以弥合这些差距。 Cumquat阵列将允许在自然环境负载下在城市环境中对不同尺寸和蓝色空间的配置进行受控测试。部署的环境传感器的数量和种类将允许“皮带和括号”方法来收集数据，并为创建详细数据集提供了足够的数据，以验证数值模拟的验证，但也探索了不同环境负载模式下进行的各种热量和质量转移机制。气候阵列的有用性超出了本提案中详细介绍的实验，将使研究人员能够更好地了解城市水体的行为。例如，城市水体何时提供冷却效果，以及水平扩散的范围，城市水体何时会恶化当地环境条件，加剧了对人类健康和福祉的风险，在哪种条件下，城市水体可以促进热，空气和污染物的垂直运输，从而远离城市表面？更好地了解这些条件将使城市地区更好地计划融合蓝调空间，以减少甚至中和城市热岛，并减轻热浪和未来的环境变化。