Aviation-to-Grid: Grid flexibility through multiscale modelling and integration of power systems with electrified air transport

航空到电网：通过多尺度建模以及电力系统与电气化航空运输的集成实现电网灵活性

• 批准号: EP/W028905/1
• 负责人: Xin Zhang
• 金额: $ 51.33万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW028905%2F1
• 关键词: Aviation; Grid; flexibility; through; multiscale

Aviation is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to be decarbonised. The UK government's recent Transport Decarbonisation Plan targets for Accelerating Aviation Decarbonisation to reach net zero by 2050, aiming to decarbonise emissions from airport operations in England by 2040, and to support the development of new and zero carbon UK aircraft technology [1]. The Department for Transport's Aviation Strategy recommends electrification as a possible solution to mitigate aviation's carbon emissions [2]. Electrification technologies are being deployed successfully in land-based transport. Electrification is now being challenged to address the more ambitious aviation decarbonisation. In the air, electric and hybrid aircraft particularly for short-haul or regional electric aircraft have advanced rapidly. On the ground, UK airports (Heathrow as a project partner of this proposal) lead pilot decarbonisation projects to enable the transition to regional electric and sustainable aviation, and shape the landscape of future low-carbon infrastructure and services.Currently, there is a significant disconnect between power systems and electrified air transport in terms of energy users and suppliers, infrastructure and interoperability to achieve the net-zero in both industries. The electrification of aviation will create a new nexus between power systems and electrified air transport. There are several key challenges:1) The power systems will require electrified aviation to integrate into ground energy infrastructure and must not overload the future grid.2) Electrified aviation as a new energy user requires the power systems to supply large volumes of low-carbon electricity to meet new loads of electric aircraft.3) Significant charging infrastructures are required. Our feasibility study on a UK airport indicates that even if only 10% domestic flights are electrified then £50M will need to be spent on charging infrastructure.4) Significantly high costs will be incurred for building additional power generation capacity. Our initial study indicates 15 GW additional power generation capacity will be required if 45% of UK domestic flights are electrified.This proposed research will explore the fundamental integration of a new nexus between power system and electrified air transport system, named 'Aviation-to-Grid', with an ambitious aim to bridge the significant disconnect between two systems in terms of energy demand and supply, infrastructure and interoperability. This will be achieved by using the multiscale energy modelling and system integration as key research methods. A new concept of Aviation-to-Grid flexibility will be investigated as a potential solution to unlock the flexibility provisions from Aviation-to-Grid, so that infrastructure and operation costs can be reduced and co-optimised across both systems. This project, for the first time, brings power industry (National Grid ESO), airport operators (Heathrow Airport), energy infrastructure solutions (UK Power Networks Services), transport policy (Department for Transport) and the UK academic communities (Supergen, DTE Network) together in a truly interdisciplinary manner.In this project, multiscale energy modelling (WP1) and multiscale system integration (WP2) will explore a bottom-up approach across the new nexus of power systems and electrified air transport. Aviation-to-Grid flexibility provisions will be evaluated with cost-benefit analysis (WP3). Industrial application potential of Aviation-to-Grid flexibility will be demonstrated in a real-time simulation platform in the lab using representative case studies with recommendations for implementation (WP4).[1] Decarbonising transport: a better, greener Britain, Department for Transport, 14 July 2021[2] Aviation 2050 - the future of UK aviation, Department for Transport, 22 October 2019

航空业可以说是脱碳最困难的行业之一。英国政府最近的交通脱碳计划目标是到 2050 年加速航空脱碳，实现净零排放，旨在到 2040 年实现英国机场运营的碳排放脱碳，并支持航空业的发展。英国交通部航空战略建议将电气化作为减少航空碳排放的可能解决方案[2]。在陆地运输中成功部署的电气化现在正面临着解决更雄心勃勃的航空脱碳问题的挑战。在空中，尤其是短途或支线电动飞机，英国机场（希思罗机场）进展迅速。作为该提案的项目合作伙伴）牵头试点脱碳项目，以实现向区域电动和可持续航空的过渡，并塑造未来低碳基础设施和服务的格局。目前，电力系统和电气化航空运输之间存在严重脱节就而言航空电气化将在电力系统和电气化航空运输之间建立新的联系：1）电力系统需要电气化。航空要融入地面能源基础设施，不能让未来电网超载。2）电动航空作为新能源用户，要求电力系统提供大量低碳电力，以满足电动飞机的新负荷。3）意义重大我们对英国机场的可行性研究表明，即使只有 10% 的国内航班实现电气化，充电基础设施也需要花费 5000 万英镑。4) 建设额外的发电能力将产生相当高的成本。我们的初步研究表明，如果 45% 的英国国内航班实现电气化，则需要 15 GW 的额外发电能力。这项拟议的研究将探索电力系统和电气化航空运输系统之间新关系的根本整合，名为“航空到电网”的雄心勃勃的目标是弥合两个系统之间在能源需求和供应、基础设施和互操作性方面的重大脱节，这将通过使用多尺度能源建模和系统集成作为关键研究方法来实现。将研究航空到电网灵活性的新概念，作为释放航空到电网灵活性规定的潜在解决方案，从而可以降低并共同优化两个系统的基础设施和运营成本。首次带来电力行业（国家电网 ESO）、机场运营商（希思罗机场）、能源基础设施解决方案（英国电力网络服务）、交通政策（交通部）和英国学术界（Supergen、DTE Network）以真正跨学科的方式共同努力。项目中，多尺度能源建模（WP1）和多尺度系统集成（WP2）将探索跨电力系统新关系的自下而上方法，并将评估航空到电网的灵活性规定。成本效益分析（WP3）。航空到电网灵活性的工业应用潜力将在实验室的实时模拟平台上使用代表性案例研究和实施建议进行展示（WP4）。[1]更好、更环保的英国，交通部，2021 年 7 月 14 日[2] 航空 2050 - 英国航空业的未来，交通部，2019 年 10 月 22 日